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Effort-Reward Imbalance, Over-Commitment and Depressive Episodes at Work: Evidence from the ELSA-Brasil Cohort Study

Author

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  • Tânia Maria de Araújo

    (Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Bahia 44036-900, Brazil)

  • Johannes Siegrist

    (Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany)

  • Arlinda B. Moreno

    (Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, National School of Public Health Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil)

  • Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca

    (Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, National School of Public Health Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil)

  • Sandhi M. Barreto

    (Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil)

  • Dóra Chor

    (Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, National School of Public Health Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil)

  • Rosane Härter Griep

    (Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil)

Abstract

A growing burden of mental illness, and in particular depression, among workers is a concern of occupational public health. Scientific evidence has revealed consistent associations of work-related stress, as measured by theoretical models, with depression, but mostly so in developed countries. This contribution explores these associations in a developing Latin American country, Brazil, by applying an internationally established work stress model, the effort-reward imbalance (ERI). This model focuses on the work contract where unjust exchange between high efforts spent and low rewards received in turn contributes to stress-related disorders. The model’s extrinsic (‘effort’, ‘reward’) and intrinsic components (‘over-commitment’), as well as their combination, are hypothesized to be related to a higher risk of depressive episodes (DE). Using cross-sectional data from the ELSA-Brasil study, including 10,034 workers from the public sector, we observed increased prevalence ratio (PR) of DE according to ERI scales. The quartiles of highest ‘effort’ (PR = 1.85; 1.44–2.37), highest ‘over-commitment’ (PR = 3.62; 2.80–4.70) and lowest ‘reward’ (PR = 3.44; 2.55–4.64) were associated with DE, on adjusted models, as well was the E–R ratio (PR = 2.47; 1.92–3.17). An additive interaction was identified between the E–R ratio and ‘over-commitment’. The results support the use of ERI as a screening tool for work stress in the Brazilian context and will offer guidance for worksite health promotion programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Tânia Maria de Araújo & Johannes Siegrist & Arlinda B. Moreno & Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca & Sandhi M. Barreto & Dóra Chor & Rosane Härter Griep, 2019. "Effort-Reward Imbalance, Over-Commitment and Depressive Episodes at Work: Evidence from the ELSA-Brasil Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-13, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:17:p:3025-:d:259585
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Johannes Siegrist & Jian Li, 2016. "Associations of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Components of Work Stress with Health: A Systematic Review of Evidence on the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Siegrist, Johannes & Starke, Dagmar & Chandola, Tarani & Godin, Isabelle & Marmot, Michael & Niedhammer, Isabelle & Peter, Richard, 2004. "The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 58(8), pages 1483-1499, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emanuel Missias Silva Palma & Anderson Reis de Sousa & Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira & Wanderson Carneiro Moreira & Ana Caroline Monteiro de Araújo & Luiz Filipe Vieira Souza & Júlio Cézar Ramos dos Anjo, 2022. "Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Rupkatha Bardhan & Karen Heaton & Melissa Davis & Peter Chen & Dale A. Dickinson & Claudiu T. Lungu, 2019. "A Cross Sectional Study Evaluating Psychosocial Job Stress and Health Risk in Emergency Department Nurses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-17, September.
    3. Francisco Rodríguez-Cifuentes & Samuel Fernández-Salinero & Juan Antonio Moriano & Gabriela Topa, 2020. "Presenteeism, Overcommitment, Workplace Bullying, and Job Satisfaction: A Moderated Mediation Relationship," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.

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