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Does the Mode of Exercise Influence the Benefits Obtained by Green Exercise?

Author

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  • Matthew Fraser

    (Department of Rural Health and Wellbeing, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV3 3JH, UK)

  • Sarah-Anne Munoz

    (Department of Rural Health and Wellbeing, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV3 3JH, UK)

  • Sandra MacRury

    (Department of Rural Health and Wellbeing, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV3 3JH, UK)

Abstract

Green exercise studies have tended to use walking as a modality of exercise to establish benefits to mental health. Whether green exercise benefits translate into different forms of green exercise has been deemed an important research gap. A mixed-methods study design was used to compare psychological responses between two forms of green exercise; golf and walking. A total of 20 participants (10 in each group), with a range of ages and experience were recruited to take part in the study. Participants in the walking condition exhibited significantly greater levels of dissociative cognitions than golf condition participants. Consequently, only the walking condition significantly improved in a directed attention test. Results from the Exercise-Induced Feeling Inventory questionnaire found the walking condition demonstrated increases in all four subscales, whereas the golf condition showed no significant improvements. Based on the findings from the qualitative analysis, distinct differences were seen with regards to the perception of the environment. Participants in the golf condition noted natural elements as obstacles to effective performance, whereas the walking group noted natural stimuli as evoking positive feelings. In agreement with the Attention Restoration Theory, the current study demonstrates that the benefits of green exercise are somewhat reduced when greater levels of directed attention towards the activity are exhibited during green exercise.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthew Fraser & Sarah-Anne Munoz & Sandra MacRury, 2019. "Does the Mode of Exercise Influence the Benefits Obtained by Green Exercise?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:16:p:3004-:d:259371
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ke-Tsung Han & Po-Ching Wang, 2018. "Empirical Examinations of Effects of Three-Level Green Exercise on Engagement with Nature and Physical Activity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-15, February.
    2. J. Pretty & J. Peacock & R. Hine & M. Sellens & N. South & M. Griffin, 2007. "Green exercise in the UK countryside: Effects on health and psychological well-being, and implications for policy and planning," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(2), pages 211-231.
    3. Mike Rogerson & Valerie F. Gladwell & Daniel J. Gallagher & Jo L. Barton, 2016. "Influences of Green Outdoors versus Indoors Environmental Settings on Psychological and Social Outcomes of Controlled Exercise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Mike Rogerson & Jo Barton, 2015. "Effects of the Visual Exercise Environments on Cognitive Directed Attention, Energy Expenditure and Perceived Exertion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Matt Noseworthy & Luke Peddie & E. Jean Buckler & Faith Park & Margaret Pham & Spencer Pratt & Arpreet Singh & Eli Puterman & Teresa Liu-Ambrose, 2023. "The Effects of Outdoor versus Indoor Exercise on Psychological Health, Physical Health, and Physical Activity Behaviour: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Trials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Ignazio Leale & Valerio Giustino & Jessica Brusa & Matteo Barcellona & Mario Barbagallo & Antonio Palma & Giuseppe Messina & Ligia J. Dominguez & Giuseppe Battaglia, 2024. "Effectiveness of a Sustainable Training Program Combining Supervised Outdoor Exercise with Telecoaching on Physical Performance in Elderly People," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Yolanda Campos-Uscanga & Hannia Reyes-Rincón & Eduardo Pineda & Santiago Gibert-Isern & Saraí Ramirez-Colina & Vianey Argüelles-Nava, 2022. "Running in Natural Spaces: Gender Analysis of Its Relationship with Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Well-Being, and Physical Activity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-10, May.

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