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Factors Affecting Adverse Health Effects of Gasoline Station Workers

Author

Listed:
  • Umakorn Tongsantia

    (Dr. PH Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Sunisa Chaiklieng

    (Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri

    (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Sari Andajani

    (School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Herman Autrup

    (Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

Abstract

This cross-sectional study examined the risk factors affecting adverse health effects from benzene exposure among gasoline station workers in Khon Kean province, Thailand. An interview questionnaire of adverse symptoms relating to benzene toxicity was administered to 151 workers. Area samplings for benzene concentration and spot urine for tt-muconic acid (tt-MA), a biomarker of benzene exposure, were collected. The factors associated with adverse symptoms were analysed by using multiple logistic regression. It was found that these symptoms mostly affected fuelling workers (77.5%), and the detected air benzene reached an action level or higher than 50% of NIOSH REL (>50 ppb). The top five adverse symptoms, i.e., fatigue, headache, dizziness, nasal congestion, and runny nose, were reported among workers exposed to benzene. More specific symptoms of benzene toxicity were chest pain, bleeding/epistaxis, and anaemia. The detected tt-MA of workers was 506.7 ug/g Cr (IQR), which was a value above the BEI and higher than that of asymptomatic workers. Risk factors significantly associated with adverse symptoms, included having no safety training experience (OR adj = 5.22; 95% CI: 2.16–12.58) and eating during work hours (OR adj = 16.08; 95% CI: 1.96–131.74). This study urges the tightening of health and safety standards at gasoline stations to include training and eating restrictions while working in hazardous areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Umakorn Tongsantia & Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Sari Andajani & Herman Autrup, 2021. "Factors Affecting Adverse Health Effects of Gasoline Station Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10014-:d:641512
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Norbert Kaminski & Herman Autrup, 2019. "Factors Affecting Urinary tt-Muconic Acid Detection among Benzene Exposed Workers at Gasoline Stations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Barbara Rodrigues Geraldino & Rafaella Ferreira Nascimento Nunes & Juliana Barroso Gomes & Isabela Giardini & Paula Vieira Baptista da Silva & Élida Campos & Katia Soares da Poça & Rocio Hassan & Ubir, 2020. "Analysis of Benzene Exposure in Gas Station Workers Using Trans,Trans-Muconic Acid," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Herman Autrup, 2019. "Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-9, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tatiana de Medeiros Carvalho Mendes & Juliana Pontes Soares & Pétala Tuani Cândido de Oliveira Salvador & Janete Lima de Castro, 2024. "Surveillance of Occupational Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds at Gas Stations: A Scoping Review Protocol," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(5), pages 1-9, April.

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