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E-Cigarettes are More Addictive than Traditional Cigarettes—A Study in Highly Educated Young People

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  • Mateusz Jankowski

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland)

  • Marek Krzystanek

    (Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ziolowa 45/47 Str, 40-635 Katowice, Poland)

  • Jan Eugeniusz Zejda

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland)

  • Paulina Majek

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland)

  • Jakub Lubanski

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland)

  • Joshua Allan Lawson

    (Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, P.O. Box 23, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
    Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada)

  • Grzegorz Brozek

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str, 40-752 Katowice, Poland)

Abstract

E-cigarettes are often considered less addictive than traditional cigarettes. This study aimed to assess patterns of e-cigarette use and to compare nicotine dependence among cigarette and e-cigarette users in a group of highly educated young adults. From 3002 healthy adults, a representative group of 30 cigarette smokers, 30 exclusive e-cigarette users, and 30 dual users were recruited. A 25-item questionnaire was used to collect information related to the patterns and attitudes towards the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and its adapted version for e-cigarettes were used to analyze nicotine dependence in each of the groups. The nicotine dependence levels measured with FTND were over two times higher among e-cigarette users (mean 3.5) compared to traditional tobacco smokers (mean 1.6; p < 0.001). Similarly, among dual users, nicotine dependence levels were higher when using an e-cigarette (mean 4.7) compared to using traditional cigarettes (mean 3.2; p = 0.03). Habits and behaviors associated with the use of e-cigarettes did not differ significantly ( p > 0.05) between exclusive e-cigarette users and dual users. The findings suggest that e-cigarettes may have a higher addictive potential than smoked cigarettes among young adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Mateusz Jankowski & Marek Krzystanek & Jan Eugeniusz Zejda & Paulina Majek & Jakub Lubanski & Joshua Allan Lawson & Grzegorz Brozek, 2019. "E-Cigarettes are More Addictive than Traditional Cigarettes—A Study in Highly Educated Young People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-10, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:13:p:2279-:d:243590
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Melanie Boeckmann & Daniel Kotz & Lion Shahab & Jamie Brown & Sabrina Kastaun, 2018. "German Public Support for Tobacco Control Policy Measures: Results from the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA), a Representative National Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Jaana M. Kinnunen & Hanna Ollila & Pirjo L. Lindfors & Arja H. Rimpelä, 2016. "Changes in Electronic Cigarette Use from 2013 to 2015 and Reasons for Use among Finnish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos & Giorgio Romagna & Dimitris Tsiapras & Stamatis Kyrzopoulos & Vassilis Voudris, 2014. "Characteristics, Perceived Side Effects and Benefits of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Worldwide Survey of More than 19,000 Consumers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, April.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Paulina Majek & Mateusz Jankowski & Bartłomiej Nowak & Maksymilian Macherski & Maciej Nowak & Aleksandra Gil & Piotr Nakiela & Barbara Lewicka & Joshua Allan Lawson & Jan Eugeniusz Zejda & Grzegorz Ma, 2021. "The Frequency of Use and Harm Perception of Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): The 2019 Cross-Sectional Survey among Medical Students from Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh & Norayuni Mohd Ismail & Zaleha Md Isa & Andrea Yu-Lin Ban, 2023. "Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Level and Practices among Tobacco and Nicotine Adult Users in Klang Valley, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-15, March.
    4. Alicja Monika Jodczyk & Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak & Natalia Adamczyk & Joanna Gębarowska & Zuzanna Sikora & Grzegorz Gruba & Artur Mamcarz & Daniel Śliż, 2022. "PaLS Study: Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Usage among Polish University Students in the Context of Stress Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, January.

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