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Influence of Vehicle Speed on the Characteristics of Driver’s Eye Movement at a Highway Tunnel Entrance during Day and Night Conditions: A Pilot Study

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Listed:
  • Li Qin

    (School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA)

  • Li-Li Dong

    (School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Wen-Hai Xu

    (School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Li-Dong Zhang

    (High-Grade Highway Construction Authority of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China)

  • Arturo S. Leon

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate how vehicle speed influences the characteristics of driver’s eye movement at highway tunnel entrances during day and night. In this study, six drivers’ eye movement data (from 200 m before tunnel entrance to 200 m inside tunnel entrance) under five predetermined vehicle speeds (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 km/h) in the daytime and three predetermined vehicle speeds (40, 60 and 80 km/h) in the nighttime were recorded using the non-intrusive Dikablis Professional eye-tracking system. Pupil size, the average fixation duration time and the average number of fixation were analyzed and then the influence of the vehicle speed on these parameters was evaluated by means of IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. The results for pupil size in daytime increased when approaching the tunnel entrance, while as for nighttime, pupil size decreased when approaching the tunnel entrance and then increased after entering the tunnel. The pupil size in daytime has a significant negative correlation with vehicle speed, while the pupil size in nighttime did not show a significant association with vehicle speed. Furthermore, the average fixation duration in daytime increased when entering the tunnel, and had a significant negative correlation with vehicle speed. Also, the average number of fixations in daytime decreased when entering the tunnel and has a significant negative correlation with vehicle speed. However, the average fixation duration and the average number of fixations in nighttime did not show any significant association with vehicle speed. Moreover, limitations and future directions of the study are discussed for the further investigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Li Qin & Li-Li Dong & Wen-Hai Xu & Li-Dong Zhang & Arturo S. Leon, 2018. "Influence of Vehicle Speed on the Characteristics of Driver’s Eye Movement at a Highway Tunnel Entrance during Day and Night Conditions: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:656-:d:139129
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ferdinando Salata & Iacopo Golasi & Simone Bovenzi & Emanuele De Lieto Vollaro & Francesca Pagliaro & Lucia Cellucci & Massimo Coppi & Franco Gugliermetti & Andrea De Lieto Vollaro, 2015. "Energy Optimization of Road Tunnel Lighting Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Wenhui Zhang & Jing Dai & Yulong Pei & Penghui Li & Ying Yan & Xinqiang Chen, 2016. "Drivers’ Visual Search Patterns during Overtaking Maneuvers on Freeway," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yongzheng Yang & Zhigang Du & Fangtong Jiao & Fuquan Pan, 2021. "Analysis of EEG Characteristics of Drivers and Driving Safety in Undersea Tunnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Zhongxiang Feng & Miaomiao Yang & Yingjie Du & Jin Xu & Congjun Huang & Xu Jiang, 2021. "Effects of the Spatial Structure Conditions of Urban Underpass Tunnels’ Longitudinal Section on Drivers’ Physiological and Behavioral Comfort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Yongqing Guo & Xiaoyuan Wang & Qing Xu & Feifei Liu & Yaqi Liu & Yuanyuan Xia, 2019. "Change-Point Analysis of Eye Movement Characteristics for Female Drivers in Anxiety," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Shenfei Chen & Bing Zhang & Xianxian Zeng & Yi Lin & Haitian Zhao, 2023. "Methods to Reduce Flicker and Light Pollution of Low-Mounting-Height Luminaires in Urban Road Lighting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, May.

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