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Epidemiological Study on Metal Pollution of Ningbo in China

Author

Listed:
  • Zhou Li

    (Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Hong Su

    (Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Li Wang

    (Ningbo Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Ningbo 315010, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Danbiao Hu

    (Ninghai Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Ninghai 315600, China)

  • Lijun Zhang

    (Jiangdong District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China)

  • Jian Fang

    (Zhenhai District Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Center, Ningbo 315200, China)

  • Micong Jin

    (Ningbo Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Ningbo 315010, China)

  • Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston

    (Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China)

  • Xin Song

    (Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China)

  • Hongbo Shi

    (Ningbo Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Ningbo 315010, China)

  • Jinshun Zhao

    (Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China)

  • Guochuan Mao

    (Ningbo Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Ningbo 315010, China)

Abstract

Background : In order to search for effective control and prevention measures, the status of metal pollution in Ningbo, China was investigated. Methods : Nine of the most common contaminating metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) in samples of vegetables, rice, soil, irrigation water, and human hair were detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Three different districts including industrial, suburban and rural areas in Ningbo were studied through a stratified random sample method. Results : (1) Among all of the detected vegetable samples, Cd exceeded the standard limit rates in industrial, suburban and rural areas as high as 43.9%, 27.5% and 5.0%, respectively; indicating the severity of Cd pollution in Ningbo. (2) The pollution index (PI) of Cd and Zn in soil (1.069, 1.584, respectively) suggests that soil is slightly polluted by Cd and Zn. Among all samples, metal contamination levels in soil were all relatively high. (3) A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cu in vegetables and soil; Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni in vegetables and irrigation water, as well as, Cu and Ni in rice and irrigation water; and, (4) Higher Pb and Cd concentrations were found in student scalp hair in both industrial and suburban areas compared to rural areas. (5) Hg and Pb that are found in human scalp hair may be more easily absorbed from food than any of the other metals. Conclusions : In general, certain harmful metal pollutions were detected in both industrial and suburban areas of Ningbo in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou Li & Hong Su & Li Wang & Danbiao Hu & Lijun Zhang & Jian Fang & Micong Jin & Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston & Xin Song & Hongbo Shi & Jinshun Zhao & Guochuan Mao, 2018. "Epidemiological Study on Metal Pollution of Ningbo in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:3:p:424-:d:134012
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hong Su & Zhou Li & Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston & Hongbo Shi & Yafei Wang & Xin Song & Yuanliang Gu & Tabatha Barber & Joni Aldinger & Baobo Zou & Min Ding & Jinshun Zhao & Xialu Lin, 2017. "Joint Toxicity of Different Heavy Metal Mixtures after a Short-Term Oral Repeated-Administration in Rats," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Hang Zhou & Wen-Tao Yang & Xin Zhou & Li Liu & Jiao-Feng Gu & Wen-Lei Wang & Jia-Ling Zou & Tao Tian & Pei-Qin Peng & Bo-Han Liao, 2016. "Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Vegetable Species Planted in Contaminated Soils and the Health Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Bifeng Hu & Xiaolin Jia & Jie Hu & Dongyun Xu & Fang Xia & Yan Li, 2017. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in the Soil-Plant-Human System in the Yangtze River Delta, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Gang Liang & Ligang Pan & Xinhui Liu, 2017. "Assessment of Typical Heavy Metals in Human Hair of Different Age Groups and Foodstuffs in Beijing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-10, August.
    5. Hui Hu & Qian Jin & Philip Kavan, 2014. "A Study of Heavy Metal Pollution in China: Current Status, Pollution-Control Policies and Countermeasures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-19, September.
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