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Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Reilly

    (Nephrology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
    Medical Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA)

  • Susan Spalding

    (Childrens Health Fund, New York, NY 10027, USA)

  • Brad Walsh

    (Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX 75235, USA)

  • Jeanne Wainer

    (Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX 75235, USA)

  • Sue Pickens

    (Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX 75235, USA)

  • Marcene Royster

    (Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX 75235, USA)

  • John Villanacci

    (Environmental and Injury Epidemiology and Toxicology Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX 78756 USA)

  • Bert B. Little

    (Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
    Medical Service, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
    Department of Health Management and Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA)

Abstract

Background: We examined the effects of lead on kidney function in occupationally and environmentally exposed adults from a Dallas lead smelter community that was the site of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund clean-up. All subjects were African Americans—a racial group that bears a disproportionate burden of kidney disease. Methods : A two-phase health screening was conducted. Phase II included a physical examination and laboratory tests. Study subjects were African Americans residents, aged ≥19 years to ≤89 years. Of 778 subjects, 726 were environmentally exposed and 52 were both occupationally and environmentally exposed. The effects of lead exposure on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were examined in three groups: male and female smelter-community residents, as well as males with both occupational and environmental exposure. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the dependence of eGFR on log (blood lead level), duration of residence in the community, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Results : There was a statistically significant negative effect on kidney function for all three groups. Comparison of female and male residents showed a slightly larger negative effect of blood lead level on eGFR in females versus males, with the largest effect seen in male smelter-working residents. For each unit increase (log 10 10 µg/dL = 1) in blood lead level, age-adjusted eGFR was reduced 21.2 mL/min/1.73 m 2 in male residents, 25.3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 in female residents and 59.2 mL/min/1.73 m 2 in male smelter-working residents. Conclusions: Chronic lead exposure is associated with worsening kidney function in both African American male and female residents, as well as male workers in Dallas smelter communities. This effect is slightly, but not statistically significantly, worse in female residents than male residents, and significantly worse in males that both worked and resided in the smelter community.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Reilly & Susan Spalding & Brad Walsh & Jeanne Wainer & Sue Pickens & Marcene Royster & John Villanacci & Bert B. Little, 2018. "Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:12:p:2875-:d:190750
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hanna-Attisha, M. & LaChance, J. & Sadler, R.C. & Schnepp, A.C., 2016. "Elevated blood lead levels in children associated with the flint drinking water crisis: A spatial analysis of risk and public health response," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(2), pages 283-290.
    2. Theppeang, K. & Glass, T.A. & Bandeen-Roche, K. & Todd, A.C. & Rohde, C.A. & Schwartz, B.S., 2008. "Gender and race/ethnicity differences in lead dose biomarkers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(7), pages 1248-1255.
    3. Rabin, R., 2008. "The lead industry and lead water pipes "A modest campaign"," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(9), pages 1584-1592.
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    Cited by:

    1. Saruda Kuraeiad & Manas Kotepui, 2021. "Blood Lead Level and Renal Impairment among Adults: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-33, April.
    2. Tzu-Hua Chen & Joh-Jong Huang & Hsiang-Ying Lee & Wei-Shyang Kung & Kuei-Hau Luo & Jia-Yi Lu & Hung-Yi Chuang, 2021. "The Association of Renal Function and Plasma Metals Modified by EGFR and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms in Metal Industrial Workers and General Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, August.
    3. Supabhorn Yimthiang & Phisit Pouyfung & Tanaporn Khamphaya & Saruda Kuraeiad & Paleeratana Wongrith & David A. Vesey & Glenda C. Gobe & Soisungwan Satarug, 2022. "Effects of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead on the Risks of Diabetes and Kidney Dysfunction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-12, February.
    4. HyeJeong Jo & GeunBae Kim & JunYoung Chang & Kwan Lee & ChulWoo Lee & BoEun Lee, 2021. "Chronic Exposure to Lead and Cadmium in Residents Living near a Zinc Smelter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.

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