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Impact of Drinking Water Quality on the Development of Enteroviral Diseases in Korea

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  • Yadav P. Joshi

    (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
    Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal
    Asian College for Advance Studies, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal)

  • Jong-Hun Kim

    (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea)

  • Ho Kim

    (Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, and Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Hae-Kwan Cheong

    (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea)

Abstract

Enterovirus diseases are fecal-orally transmitted, and its transmission may be closely related with the drinking water quality and other environmental factors. This study aimed to assess the association between environmental factors including drinking water quality and the incidence of enteroviral diseases in metropolitan provinces of Korea. Using monthly number of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), aseptic meningitis (AM) and acute hemorrhage conjunctivitis (AHC) cases, generalized linear Poisson model was applied to estimate the effects of environmental factors on the monthly cases. An increase of mean temperature was associated with an increase of enteroviral diseases at 0–2 months lag, while an increase of turbidity was associated with increase in HFMD at 1 month lag and a decrease in AHC. An increase of residual chlorine in municipal drinking water was associated with a decrease in HFMD and AHC 2 and 3 months later. An increase of pH was associated with a maximum increase in AM 3 months later. The meta-analysis revealed the effects of the provincial and pooled variation in percent change of risks of environmental factors on HFMD, AM, and AHC cases at specific selected lags. This study suggests that the drinking water quality is one of the major determinants on enteroviral diseases.

Suggested Citation

  • Yadav P. Joshi & Jong-Hun Kim & Ho Kim & Hae-Kwan Cheong, 2018. "Impact of Drinking Water Quality on the Development of Enteroviral Diseases in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:11:p:2551-:d:182710
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Keswick, B.H. & Gerba, C.P. & Goyal, S.M., 1981. "Occurrence of enteroviruses in community swimming pools," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 71(9), pages 1026-1030.
    2. Yadav Prasad Joshi & Eun-Hye Kim & Jong-Hun Kim & Ho Kim & Hae-Kwan Cheong, 2016. "Associations between Meteorological Factors and Aseptic Meningitis in Six Metropolitan Provinces of the Republic of Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Hinde, John & Demetrio, Clarice G. B., 1998. "Overdispersion: Models and estimation," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 151-170, April.
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