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Assessment of Water Quality Profile Using Numerical Modeling Approach in Major Climate Classes of Asia

Author

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  • Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal

    (Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 2066, Korea)

  • Muhammad Shoaib

    (Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 2066, Korea)

  • Hafiz Umar Farid

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan)

  • Jung Lyul Lee

    (Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 2066, Korea)

Abstract

A river water quality spatial profile has a diverse pattern of variation over different climatic regions. To comprehend this phenomenon, our study evaluated the spatial scale variation of the Water Quality Index (WQI). The study was carried out over four main climatic classes in Asia based on the Koppen-Geiger climate classification system: tropical, temperate, cold, and arid. The one-dimensional surface water quality model, QUAL2Kw was selected and compared for water quality simulations. Calibration and validation were separately performed for the model predictions over different climate classes. The accuracy of the water quality model was assessed using different statistical analyses. The spatial profile of WQI was calculated using model predictions based on dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO 3 ), and pH. The results showed that there is a smaller longitudinal variation of WQI in the cold climatic regions than other regions, which does not change the status of WQI. Streams from arid, temperate, and tropical climatic regions show a decreasing trend of DO with respect to the longitudinal profiles of main river flows. Since this study found that each climate zone has the different impact on DO dynamics such as reaeration rate, reoxygenation, and oxygen solubility. The outcomes obtained in this study are expected to provide the impetus for developing a strategy for the viable improvement of the water environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal & Muhammad Shoaib & Hafiz Umar Farid & Jung Lyul Lee, 2018. "Assessment of Water Quality Profile Using Numerical Modeling Approach in Major Climate Classes of Asia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:10:p:2258-:d:175837
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    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal & Malik Muhammad Akram & Maqsood Ahmad & Saddam Hussain & Ghulam Usman, 2021. "Regional Climatic Response To Global Warming And Agriculture In Pakistan," Big Data In Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 2(1), pages 18-23, June.
    2. Hafiz Umar Farid & Hafiz Usman Ayub & Zahid Mahmood Khan & Ijaz Ahmad & Muhammad Naveed Anjum & Rana Muhammad Asif Kanwar & Muhammad Mubeen & Pervaiz Sakinder, 2023. "Groundwater quality risk assessment using hydro-chemical and geospatial analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(8), pages 8343-8365, August.
    3. Basheer A. Elubid & Tao Huang & Ekhlas H. Ahmed & Jianfei Zhao & Khalid. M. Elhag & Waleed Abbass & Mohammed M. Babiker, 2019. "Geospatial Distributions of Groundwater Quality in Gedaref State Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, February.

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    Keywords

    Asia; water quality; climate classes; QUAL2Kw; WQI;
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