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Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels

Author

Listed:
  • Carmela Protano

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Pasquale Avino

    (Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy)

  • Maurizio Manigrasso

    (Department of Technological Innovations, INAIL, Via IV Novembre 144, 00187 Rome, Italy)

  • Valerio Vivaldi

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Franco Perna

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Federica Valeriani

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “ForoItalico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy)

  • Matteo Vitali

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) were introduced into the market in 2006 and their technological features have evolved substantially over time. Currently, there are four different generations of e-cigs that are broadly considered less harmful than the use of combusted tobacco products although passive exposure to aerosols often occurs in public spaces and indoor environments. The study aim was to evaluate the levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) emitted during the use of all the four generations of e-cigs, testing different use modalities. PM 10 , PM 4 , PM 2.5 and PM 1 were measured through a Dusttrak ™ II Aerosol Monitor, for a total of 20 independent experiments. All tested e-cigs devices produced PM during their use, and PM 10 was almost made of PM 1 size fraction. In addition, we observed a progressive increase in PM emission from the first to the fourth generation, and an upward trend of PM 1 emitted by the fourth generation e-cig with an increase in the operating power. The results showed that, whatever the model adopted, passive vaping does occur. This finding supports the need for legislative interventions to regulate the e-cigs use in public places and other enclosed environments, in order to protect the health of any subject who is potentially exposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Carmela Protano & Pasquale Avino & Maurizio Manigrasso & Valerio Vivaldi & Franco Perna & Federica Valeriani & Matteo Vitali, 2018. "Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:10:p:2172-:d:173540
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guangwei Zhang & Zhangli Wang & Kai Zhang & Rui Hou & Chunli Xing & Qi Yu & Enqi Liu, 2018. "Safety Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, January.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Monique Williams & Prue Talbot, 2019. "Design Features in Multiple Generations of Electronic Cigarette Atomizers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Melinda Pénzes & Márta Bakacs & Zoltán Brys & József Vitrai & Gergely Tóth & Zombor Berezvai & Róbert Urbán, 2021. "Vaping-Related Adverse Events and Perceived Health Improvements: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Daily E-Cigarette Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.
    3. Evan Floyd & Sara Greenlee & Toluwanimi Oni & Balaji Sadhasivam & Lurdes Queimado, 2021. "The Effect of Flow Rate on a Third-Generation Sub-Ohm Tank Electronic Nicotine Delivery System—Comparison of CORESTA Flow Rates to More Realistic Flow Rates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-13, July.
    4. Rachel Boykan & Maciej L. Goniewicz & Catherine R. Messina, 2019. "Evidence of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescents Who Use Juul and Similar Pod Devices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-6, June.
    5. Si Yun Moon & Tae Won Kim & Yoon-Ji Kim & Youngki Kim & Se Yeong Kim & Dongmug Kang, 2019. "Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Vittoria Cammalleri & Daniela Marotta & Carmela Protano & Matteo Vitali & Paolo Villari & Maria Sofia Cattaruzza & on behalf of the Smoke-free Department Working Group, 2020. "How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-15, July.
    7. Carmela Protano & Maurizio Manigrasso & Vittoria Cammalleri & Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai & Giacomo Frati & Pasquale Avino & Matteo Vitali, 2020. "Impact of Electronic Alternatives to Tobacco Cigarettes on Indoor Air Particular Matter Levels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-10, April.
    8. Christopher Johnes & Richard A. Sharpe & Tamaryn Menneer & Timothy Taylor & Penelope Nestel, 2023. "Using Sensor Data to Identify Factors Affecting Internal Air Quality within 279 Lower Income Households in Cornwall, South West of England," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-16, January.
    9. Mariangela Peruzzi & Elena Cavarretta & Giacomo Frati & Roberto Carnevale & Fabio Miraldi & Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai & Sebastiano Sciarretta & Francesco Versaci & Vittoria Cammalleri & Pasquale Avino & , 2020. "Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, August.
    10. Evan Floyd & Toluwanimi Oni & Changjie Cai & Bilal Rehman & Jooyeon Hwang & Tyler Watson, 2022. "Validation of a High Flow Rate Puff Topography System Designed for Measurement of Sub-Ohm, Third Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-12, June.
    11. Maurizio Manigrasso & Carmela Protano & Matteo Vitali & Pasquale Avino, 2021. "Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, November.

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