IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i14p7535-d594779.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effect of Flow Rate on a Third-Generation Sub-Ohm Tank Electronic Nicotine Delivery System—Comparison of CORESTA Flow Rates to More Realistic Flow Rates

Author

Listed:
  • Evan Floyd

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA)

  • Sara Greenlee

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA)

  • Toluwanimi Oni

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA)

  • Balaji Sadhasivam

    (Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA)

  • Lurdes Queimado

    (Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA)

Abstract

Many types of electronic cigarettes (ECs) are currently in use, but the default flow rate used to simulate puffing is centered on tobacco cigarette flow rates. CORESTA offers several methods and technical guides for evaluation of ECs but there are few puffing topography studies focusing on sub-ohm ECs; differences between real-world usage and that found in the literature appear large. This study focuses on how power and flow rate affect the nicotine yield of a sub-ohm EC. A puffing system (Puff3rd) has been designed and used to produce and collect EC aerosol. Nicotine yield was measured by GC–MS at three power levels and four flow rates. Data analysis was conducted in SAS using the MIXED procedure. Power, flow rate, and their interaction were all significant predictors of nicotine yield. Nicotine yield increased with both the vaping power and the puff flow rate with significant interaction of the two. Findings indicate that using the current CORESTA flow rate (1100 mL/min) to evaluate third-generation ECs underestimates nicotine yield and likely overestimates pyrolysis products. Real users are expected to have 2–3× the nicotine dose measured at 1100 mL/min, which could confound epidemiological studies seeking to link nicotine delivery to product satisfaction and acceptability.

Suggested Citation

  • Evan Floyd & Sara Greenlee & Toluwanimi Oni & Balaji Sadhasivam & Lurdes Queimado, 2021. "The Effect of Flow Rate on a Third-Generation Sub-Ohm Tank Electronic Nicotine Delivery System—Comparison of CORESTA Flow Rates to More Realistic Flow Rates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-13, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7535-:d:594779
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7535/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7535/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carmela Protano & Pasquale Avino & Maurizio Manigrasso & Valerio Vivaldi & Franco Perna & Federica Valeriani & Matteo Vitali, 2018. "Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-10, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dominic L. Palazzolo & Jordan Caudill & James Baron & Kevin Cooper, 2021. "Fabrication and Validation of an Economical, Programmable, Dual-Channel, Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Generator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Evan Floyd & Toluwanimi Oni & Changjie Cai & Bilal Rehman & Jooyeon Hwang & Tyler Watson, 2022. "Validation of a High Flow Rate Puff Topography System Designed for Measurement of Sub-Ohm, Third Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-12, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mariangela Peruzzi & Elena Cavarretta & Giacomo Frati & Roberto Carnevale & Fabio Miraldi & Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai & Sebastiano Sciarretta & Francesco Versaci & Vittoria Cammalleri & Pasquale Avino & , 2020. "Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Vittoria Cammalleri & Daniela Marotta & Carmela Protano & Matteo Vitali & Paolo Villari & Maria Sofia Cattaruzza & on behalf of the Smoke-free Department Working Group, 2020. "How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Melinda Pénzes & Márta Bakacs & Zoltán Brys & József Vitrai & Gergely Tóth & Zombor Berezvai & Róbert Urbán, 2021. "Vaping-Related Adverse Events and Perceived Health Improvements: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Daily E-Cigarette Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Rachel Boykan & Maciej L. Goniewicz & Catherine R. Messina, 2019. "Evidence of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescents Who Use Juul and Similar Pod Devices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-6, June.
    5. Carmela Protano & Maurizio Manigrasso & Vittoria Cammalleri & Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai & Giacomo Frati & Pasquale Avino & Matteo Vitali, 2020. "Impact of Electronic Alternatives to Tobacco Cigarettes on Indoor Air Particular Matter Levels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-10, April.
    6. Maurizio Manigrasso & Carmela Protano & Matteo Vitali & Pasquale Avino, 2021. "Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, November.
    7. Monique Williams & Prue Talbot, 2019. "Design Features in Multiple Generations of Electronic Cigarette Atomizers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-15, August.
    8. Evan Floyd & Toluwanimi Oni & Changjie Cai & Bilal Rehman & Jooyeon Hwang & Tyler Watson, 2022. "Validation of a High Flow Rate Puff Topography System Designed for Measurement of Sub-Ohm, Third Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-12, June.
    9. Christopher Johnes & Richard A. Sharpe & Tamaryn Menneer & Timothy Taylor & Penelope Nestel, 2023. "Using Sensor Data to Identify Factors Affecting Internal Air Quality within 279 Lower Income Households in Cornwall, South West of England," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-16, January.
    10. Si Yun Moon & Tae Won Kim & Yoon-Ji Kim & Youngki Kim & Se Yeong Kim & Dongmug Kang, 2019. "Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-14, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7535-:d:594779. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.