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Safety Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease

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  • Guangwei Zhang

    (Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Public Health & College of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China
    Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zhangli Wang

    (Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Public Health & College of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Kai Zhang

    (Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Public Health & College of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Rui Hou

    (Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Public Health & College of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Chunli Xing

    (Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Public Health & College of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Qi Yu

    (Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Public Health & College of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Enqi Liu

    (Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Public Health & College of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China
    Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China)

Abstract

Smoking leads to the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Most importantly, it is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular atherosclerosis. In recent years, electronic cigarettes have become a popular alternative to traditional cigarettes, since modern micro-electronic techniques provide the possibility of simulating the process of traditional smoking. Additionally, it is convenient and fashionable. Nevertheless, comments about the safety of electronic cigarettes remain controversial. Although the research about electronic cigarettes increased exponentially, there has been no systematic study of its safety. The aim of the current study is to review the literature reports about the safety of electronic cigarettes, and to understand their hazards and disadvantages. It was found that most of the current research about electronic cigarettes comprises short-term and in vitro studies. There are few reports of in vivo and long-term studies. Notably, the level of harmful components such as volatile organic compounds, tobacco-specific nitrosamines and heavy metals in electronic cigarettes are even higher than in traditional cigarettes. Therefore, the harm of electronic cigarettes should not be underestimated. In conclusion, the question of whether electronic cigarettes are a safe and sufficient substitute for traditional smoking needs further investigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Guangwei Zhang & Zhangli Wang & Kai Zhang & Rui Hou & Chunli Xing & Qi Yu & Enqi Liu, 2018. "Safety Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:1:p:75-:d:125647
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Grana, Rachel PhD, MPH & Benowitz, Neal MD & Glantz, Stanton A. PhD, 2013. "Background Paper on E-cigarettes (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems)," University of California at San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education qt13p2b72n, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UC San Francisco.
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    Cited by:

    1. Carmela Protano & Pasquale Avino & Maurizio Manigrasso & Valerio Vivaldi & Franco Perna & Federica Valeriani & Matteo Vitali, 2018. "Environmental Electronic Vape Exposure from Four Different Generations of Electronic Cigarettes: Airborne Particulate Matter Levels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-10, October.

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