IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v14y2017i6p564-d99799.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Evaluation of the Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Its Relationship with Bone Health among Postmenopausal Women in Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Luis M. Puerto-Parejo

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
    These two authors contributed equally to this article.)

  • Ignacio Aliaga

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
    These two authors contributed equally to this article.)

  • María L. Canal-Macias

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Olga Leal-Hernandez

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Raul Roncero-Martín

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Sergio Rico-Martín

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Jose M. Moran

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

Abstract

Background: Heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, are absorbed through contaminated food sources and water. Few studies have investigated the extent to which dietary heavy metals are associated with low bone mineral density. Aims: We aimed to characterize the dietary intake of the heavy metals lead, cadmium and mercury among healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal women in Spain. Furthermore, we sought to establish a putative relationship between bone health and the intake of these heavy metals in this population. Study Design: The daily intake of the heavy metals considered for the different food groups was calculated by accounting for food content and consumption in 281 postmenopausal women. Bone measurements were performed using a Quantitative Bone Ultrasound (QUS), a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and a Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). Results: The average estimated dietary cadmium exposure among the 281 women studied was 29.87 μg/day (20.41–41.04) and 3.03 μg/kg body weight (b.w.; 2.17–4.40). Dietary lead exposure was 46.24 μg/day (38.11–54.77) and 4.87 μg/kg b.w. (4.00–6.14). The estimated dietary mercury exposure was 11.64 μg/day and 1.19 μg/kg b.w. (0.82–1.76). Participants were classified according to their heavy metal intake (above or below the respective medians). After further adjustment for potential confounding factors, no significant differences were found in all the measured parameters ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: We did not find associations between bone health and the dietary intake of three heavy metals in postmenopausal women. Dietary intake of the measured heavy metals were within the recommended values.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis M. Puerto-Parejo & Ignacio Aliaga & María L. Canal-Macias & Olga Leal-Hernandez & Raul Roncero-Martín & Sergio Rico-Martín & Jose M. Moran, 2017. "Evaluation of the Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Its Relationship with Bone Health among Postmenopausal Women in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-12, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:6:p:564-:d:99799
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/6/564/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/6/564/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nisarat Songprasert & Thitiporn Sukaew & Khanitta Kusreesakul & Witaya Swaddiwudhipong & Chantana Padungtod & Kanitta Bundhamcharoen, 2015. "Additional Burden of Diseases Associated with Cadmium Exposure: A Case Study of Cadmium Contaminated Rice Fields in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Akesson, A. & Berglund, M. & Schütz, A. & Bjellerup, P. & Bremme, K. & Vahter, M., 2002. "Cadmium exposure in pregnancy and lactation in relation to iron status," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(2), pages 284-287.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jesus M. Lavado-García & Luis M. Puerto-Parejo & Raul Roncero-Martín & Jose M. Moran & Juan D. Pedrera-Zamorano & Ignacio J. Aliaga & Olga Leal-Hernández & Maria L. Canal-Macias, 2017. "Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Its Association with Bone Health in Healthy Premenopausal Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-13, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yun-rui Zhang & Ping Wang & Xu-xia Liang & Chuen Seng Tan & Jian-bin Tan & Jing Wang & Qiong Huang & Rui Huang & Zhi-xue Li & Wen-cai Chen & Shi-xuan Wu & Choon Nam Ong & Xing-fen Yang & Yong-ning Wu, 2015. "Associations between Urinary Excretion of Cadmium and Renal Biomarkers in Nonsmoking Females: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Areas of South China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Rita Canipari & Lucia De Santis & Sandra Cecconi, 2020. "Female Fertility and Environmental Pollution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Kai-Fan Tsai & Pai-Chin Hsu & Chia-Te Kung & Chien-Te Lee & Huey-Ling You & Wan-Ting Huang & Shau-Hsuan Li & Fu-Jen Cheng & Chin-Chou Wang & Wen-Chin Lee, 2021. "The Risk Factors of Blood Cadmium Elevation in Chronic Kidney Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Kristoffer Mattisson & Eva Tekavec & Thomas Lundh & Emilie Stroh, 2020. "Cadmium and Lead Levels in Blood and Arsenic Levels in Urine among Schoolchildren Living in Contaminated Glassworks Areas, Sweden," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:6:p:564-:d:99799. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.