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Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Its Association with Bone Health in Healthy Premenopausal Women

Author

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  • Jesus M. Lavado-García

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
    Both authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Luis M. Puerto-Parejo

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
    Both authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Raul Roncero-Martín

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Jose M. Moran

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Juan D. Pedrera-Zamorano

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Ignacio J. Aliaga

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Olga Leal-Hernández

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Maria L. Canal-Macias

    (Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

Abstract

The bone is one of the relevant target organs of heavy metals, and heavy metal toxicity is associated with several degenerative processes, such osteoporosis and bone mineral alterations, that could lead to fractures. We aimed to study a presumed relationship between bone density, evaluated by quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and the dietary intake of cadmium, lead and mercury in healthy premenopausal women. A total of 158 healthy, non-smoking, premenopausal women were incorporated into the study. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to assess intake during the preceding seven days. The median predicted dietary cadmium intake among the 158 women studied was 25.29 μg/day (18.62–35.00) and 2.74 μg/kg body weight/week (b.w./w) (1.92–3.83). Dietary lead intake was 43.85 μg/day (35.09–51.45) and 4.82 μg/kg b.w./w (3.67–6.13). The observed dietary mercury intake was 9.55 μg/day (7.18–13.57) and 1.02 μg/kg b.w./w (0.71–1.48). Comparisons, in terms of heavy metal intake, showed no significant results after further adjusting for energy intake. No statistically significant correlations between heavy metal intake and the QUS, DXA and pQCT parameters were observed. Levels of dietary exposure of cadmium, lead and mercury were mostly within the recommendations. We did not find associations between the QUS, DXA and pQCT parameters and the dietary intake of the studied heavy metals in healthy premenopausal women.

Suggested Citation

  • Jesus M. Lavado-García & Luis M. Puerto-Parejo & Raul Roncero-Martín & Jose M. Moran & Juan D. Pedrera-Zamorano & Ignacio J. Aliaga & Olga Leal-Hernández & Maria L. Canal-Macias, 2017. "Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Its Association with Bone Health in Healthy Premenopausal Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-13, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:12:p:1437-:d:120028
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luis M. Puerto-Parejo & Ignacio Aliaga & María L. Canal-Macias & Olga Leal-Hernandez & Raul Roncero-Martín & Sergio Rico-Martín & Jose M. Moran, 2017. "Evaluation of the Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Its Relationship with Bone Health among Postmenopausal Women in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-12, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gabrijel Ondrasek & Peta L. Clode & Matt R. Kilburn & Paul Guagliardo & Davor Romić & Zed Rengel, 2019. "Zinc and Cadmium Mapping in the Apical Shoot and Hypocotyl Tissues of Radish by High-Resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) after Short-Term Exposure to Metal Contamination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, January.

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