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Potential Harmful Effects of PM 2.5 on Occurrence and Progression of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Prevention Measures

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  • Xu Meng

    (Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Ying Zhang

    (Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Kun-Qi Yang

    (Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Yan-Kun Yang

    (Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Xian-Liang Zhou

    (Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China)

Abstract

The harmful effects of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) and its association with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has gained increased attention in recent years. Significant associations between PM 2.5 and ACS have been found in most studies, although sometimes only observed in specific subgroups. PM 2.5 -induced detrimental effects and ACS arise through multiple mechanisms, including endothelial injury, an enhanced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, autonomic dysfunction, and mitochondria damage as well as genotoxic effects. These effects can lead to a series of physiopathological changes including coronary artery atherosclerosis, hypertension, an imbalance between energy supply and demand to heart tissue, and a systemic hypercoagulable state. Effective strategies to prevent the harmful effects of PM 2.5 include reducing pollution sources of PM 2.5 and population exposure to PM 2.5 , and governments and organizations publicizing the harmful effects of PM 2.5 and establishing air quality standards for PM 2.5 . PM 2.5 exposure is a significant risk factor for ACS, and effective strategies with which to prevent both susceptible and healthy populations from an increased risk for ACS have important clinical significance in the prevention and treatment of ACS.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu Meng & Ying Zhang & Kun-Qi Yang & Yan-Kun Yang & Xian-Liang Zhou, 2016. "Potential Harmful Effects of PM 2.5 on Occurrence and Progression of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Prevention Measures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:8:p:748-:d:74660
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sasinee Hantrakool & Sirinart Kumfu & Siriporn C. Chattipakorn & Nipon Chattipakorn, 2022. "Effects of Particulate Matter on Inflammation and Thrombosis: Past Evidence for Future Prevention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Han-Yin Sun & Ci-Wen Luo & Yun-Wei Chiang & Kun-Lin Yeh Yi-Ching Li & Yung-Chung Ho & Shiuan-Shinn Lee & Wen-Ying Chen & Chun-Jung Chen & Yu-Hsiang Kuan, 2021. "Association Between PM 2.5 Exposure Level and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Taiwanese Adults: A Nested Case–control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Singh, Damini & Gupta, Indrani & Roy, Arjun, 2023. "The association of asthma and air pollution: Evidence from India," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    4. Yaolin Lin & Jiale Zou & Wei Yang & Chun-Qing Li, 2018. "A Review of Recent Advances in Research on PM 2.5 in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-29, March.

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