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Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on the Hypothalamus–Uterus in Pubertal Female Rats

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  • Te Liu

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
    Scientific Research Center, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
    These authors equally contributed to this work.)

  • Yiyang Jia

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
    These authors equally contributed to this work.)

  • Liting Zhou

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China)

  • Qi Wang

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China)

  • Di Sun

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China)

  • Jin Xu

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China)

  • Juan Wu

    (Prevention and Health Section, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330000, China)

  • Huaiji Chen

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China)

  • Feng Xu

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China)

  • Lin Ye

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China)

Abstract

The pollution of endocrine disruptors and its impact on human reproductive system have attracted much attention. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, is widely used in food packages, containers, medical supplies and children’s toys. It can cause diseases such as infertility, sexual precocity and uterine bleeding and thus arouse concerns from the society and scholars. The effect of DEHP on pubertal female reproductive system is still not well-studied. This study was to investigate the effects of DEHP on the hypothalamus–uterus in pubertal female rats, reveal the reproductive toxicity of DEHP on pubertal female rats and its mechanism, and provide scientific evidence for the evaluation of toxicity and toxic mechanism of DEHP on reproductive system. Forty-eight pubertal female rats were randomly divided into four groups and respectively administered via oral gavage 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/d DEHP in 0.1 mL corn oil/20 g body weight for up to four weeks. Compared with control rats, the DEHP-treated rats showed: (1) higher gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) level in the hypothalamus; (2) higher protein levels of GnRH in the hypothalamus; and (3) higher mRNA and protein levels of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) in the uterus. Our data reveal that DEHP exposure may lead to a disruption in pubertal female rats and an imbalance of hypothalamus–uterus. Meanwhile, DEHP may, through the GnRH in the hypothalamus and its receptor on the uterus, lead to diseases of the uterus. DEHP may impose a negative influence on the development and functioning of the reproductive system in pubertal female rats.

Suggested Citation

  • Te Liu & Yiyang Jia & Liting Zhou & Qi Wang & Di Sun & Jin Xu & Juan Wu & Huaiji Chen & Feng Xu & Lin Ye, 2016. "Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on the Hypothalamus–Uterus in Pubertal Female Rats," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:11:p:1130-:d:82754
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matthias Wormuth & Martin Scheringer & Meret Vollenweider & Konrad Hungerbühler, 2006. "What Are the Sources of Exposure to Eight Frequently Used Phthalic Acid Esters in Europeans?," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(3), pages 803-824, June.
    2. Yi Wen & Shu-Dan Liu & Xun Lei & Yu-Shuang Ling & Yan Luo & Qin Liu, 2015. "Association of PAEs with Precocious Puberty in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mariana Segovia-Mendoza & Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola & Lenin Pavón & Luis Enrique Becerril & Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro & Omar Amador-Muñoz & Jorge Morales-Montor, 2022. "Environmental Pollution to Blame for Depressive Disorder?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Henrieta Hlisníková & Ida Petrovičová & Branislav Kolena & Miroslava Šidlovská & Alexander Sirotkin, 2020. "Effects and Mechanisms of Phthalates’ Action on Reproductive Processes and Reproductive Health: A Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-37, September.

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