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Comparative In Vitro Toxicity Profile of Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products: E-Liquids, Extracts and Collected Aerosols

Author

Listed:
  • Manoj Misra

    (Lorillard Tobacco Company, A.W. Spears Research Center, 420 North English Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27405, USA)

  • Robert D. Leverette

    (Lorillard Tobacco Company, A.W. Spears Research Center, 420 North English Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27405, USA)

  • Bethany T. Cooper

    (Lorillard Tobacco Company, A.W. Spears Research Center, 420 North English Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27405, USA)

  • Melanee B. Bennett

    (Lorillard Tobacco Company, A.W. Spears Research Center, 420 North English Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27405, USA)

  • Steven E. Brown

    (Lorillard Tobacco Company, A.W. Spears Research Center, 420 North English Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27405, USA)

Abstract

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) continues to increase worldwide in parallel with accumulating information on their potential toxicity and safety. In this study, an in vitro battery of established assays was used to examine the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and inflammatory responses of certain commercial e-cigs and compared to tobacco burning cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (SLT) products and a nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) product. The toxicity evaluation was performed on e-liquids and pad-collected aerosols of e-cigs, pad-collected smoke condensates of tobacco cigarettes and extracts of SLT and NRT products. In all assays, exposures with e-cig liquids and collected aerosols, at the doses tested, showed no significant activity when compared to tobacco burning cigarettes. Results for the e-cigs, with and without nicotine in two evaluated flavor variants, were very similar in all assays, indicating that the presence of nicotine and flavors, at the levels tested, did not induce any cytotoxic, genotoxic or inflammatory effects. The present findings indicate that neither the e-cig liquids and collected aerosols, nor the extracts of the SLT and NRT products produce any meaningful toxic effects in four widely-applied in vitro test systems, in which the conventional cigarette smoke preparations, at comparable exposures, are markedly cytotoxic and genotoxic.

Suggested Citation

  • Manoj Misra & Robert D. Leverette & Bethany T. Cooper & Melanee B. Bennett & Steven E. Brown, 2014. "Comparative In Vitro Toxicity Profile of Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products: E-Liquids, Extracts and Collected Aerosols," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:11:p:11325-11347:d:41804
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos & Giorgio Romagna & Dimitris Tsiapras & Stamatis Kyrzopoulos & Alketa Spyrou & Vassilis Voudris, 2013. "Impact of Flavour Variability on Electronic Cigarette Use Experience: An Internet Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos & Giorgio Romagna & Elena Allifranchini & Emiliano Ripamonti & Elena Bocchietto & Stefano Todeschi & Dimitris Tsiapras & Stamatis Kyrzopoulos & Vassilis Voudris, 2013. "Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos & Giorgio Romagna & Dimitris Tsiapras & Stamatis Kyrzopoulos & Vassilis Voudris, 2014. "Characteristics, Perceived Side Effects and Benefits of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Worldwide Survey of More than 19,000 Consumers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Gerald A. Long, 2014. "Comparison of Select Analytes in Exhaled Aerosol from E-Cigarettes with Exhaled Smoke from a Conventional Cigarette and Exhaled Breaths," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nathan Eddingsaas & Todd Pagano & Cody Cummings & Irfan Rahman & Risa Robinson & Edward Hensel, 2018. "Qualitative Analysis of E-Liquid Emissions as a Function of Flavor Additives Using Two Aerosol Capture Methods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Sara K. Berkelhamer & Justin M. Helman & Sylvia F. Gugino & Noel J. Leigh & Satyan Lakshminrusimha & Maciej L. Goniewicz, 2019. "In Vitro Consequences of Electronic-Cigarette Flavoring Exposure on the Immature Lung," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-15, September.

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