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E-cigarettes and their lone constituents induce cardiac arrhythmia and conduction defects in mice

Author

Listed:
  • Alex P. Carll

    (University of Louisville
    American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Claudia Arab

    (University of Louisville
    University of Louisville
    Federal University of Sao Paulo)

  • Renata Salatini

    (University of Louisville
    University of Louisville
    University of Sao Paulo Medical School)

  • Meredith D. Miles

    (University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Matthew A. Nystoriak

    (University of Louisville
    American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Kyle L. Fulghum

    (University of Louisville
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Daniel W. Riggs

    (University of Louisville
    American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Gregg A. Shirk

    (University of Louisville
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Whitney S. Theis

    (University of Louisville
    American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Nima Talebi

    (University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Aruni Bhatnagar

    (University of Louisville
    American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

  • Daniel J. Conklin

    (University of Louisville
    American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
    University of Louisville
    University of Louisville)

Abstract

E-cigarette use has surged, but the long-term health effects remain unknown. E-cigarette aerosols containing nicotine and acrolein, a combustion and e-cigarette byproduct, may impair cardiac electrophysiology through autonomic imbalance. Here we show in mouse electrocardiograms that acute inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols disturbs cardiac conduction, in part through parasympathetic modulation. We demonstrate that, similar to acrolein or combustible cigarette smoke, aerosols from e-cigarette solvents (vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol) induce bradycardia, bradyarrhythmias, and elevations in heart rate variability during inhalation exposure, with inverse post-exposure effects. These effects are slighter with tobacco- or menthol-flavored aerosols containing nicotine, and in female mice. Yet, menthol-flavored and PG aerosols also increase ventricular arrhythmias and augment early ventricular repolarization (J amplitude), while menthol uniquely alters atrial and atrioventricular conduction. Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols from vegetable glycerin and its byproduct, acrolein, diminish heart rate and early repolarization. The pro-arrhythmic effects of solvent aerosols on ventricular repolarization and heart rate variability depend partly on parasympathetic modulation, whereas ventricular arrhythmias positively associate with early repolarization dependent on the presence of nicotine. Our study indicates that chemical constituents of e-cigarettes could contribute to cardiac risk by provoking pro-arrhythmic changes and stimulating autonomic reflexes.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex P. Carll & Claudia Arab & Renata Salatini & Meredith D. Miles & Matthew A. Nystoriak & Kyle L. Fulghum & Daniel W. Riggs & Gregg A. Shirk & Whitney S. Theis & Nima Talebi & Aruni Bhatnagar & Dani, 2022. "E-cigarettes and their lone constituents induce cardiac arrhythmia and conduction defects in mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33203-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33203-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gerald A. Long, 2014. "Comparison of Select Analytes in Exhaled Aerosol from E-Cigarettes with Exhaled Smoke from a Conventional Cigarette and Exhaled Breaths," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Michael A Ha & Gregory J Smith & Joseph A Cichocki & Lu Fan & Yi-Shiuan Liu & Ana I Caceres & Sven Eric Jordt & John B Morris, 2015. "Menthol Attenuates Respiratory Irritation and Elevates Blood Cotinine in Cigarette Smoke Exposed Mice," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-16, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fatima Alam & Patricia Silveyra, 2023. "Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(22), pages 1-17, November.

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