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Microbial Anaerobic Digestion (Bio-Digesters) as an Approach to the Decontamination of Animal Wastes in Pollution Control and the Generation of Renewable Energy

Author

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  • Christy E. Manyi-Loh

    (Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)

  • Sampson N. Mamphweli

    (Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)

  • Edson L. Meyer

    (Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)

  • Anthony I. Okoh

    (Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)

  • Golden Makaka

    (Department of Physics, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)

  • Michael Simon

    (Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)

Abstract

With an ever increasing population rate; a vast array of biomass wastes rich in organic and inorganic nutrients as well as pathogenic microorganisms will result from the diversified human, industrial and agricultural activities. Anaerobic digestion is applauded as one of the best ways to properly handle and manage these wastes. Animal wastes have been recognized as suitable substrates for anaerobic digestion process, a natural biological process in which complex organic materials are broken down into simpler molecules in the absence of oxygen by the concerted activities of four sets of metabolically linked microorganisms. This process occurs in an airtight chamber (biodigester) via four stages represented by hydrolytic, acidogenic, acetogenic and methanogenic microorganisms. The microbial population and structure can be identified by the combined use of culture-based, microscopic and molecular techniques. Overall, the process is affected by bio-digester design, operational factors and manure characteristics. The purpose of anaerobic digestion is the production of a renewable energy source (biogas) and an odor free nutrient-rich fertilizer. Conversely, if animal wastes are accidentally found in the environment, it can cause a drastic chain of environmental and public health complications.

Suggested Citation

  • Christy E. Manyi-Loh & Sampson N. Mamphweli & Edson L. Meyer & Anthony I. Okoh & Golden Makaka & Michael Simon, 2013. "Microbial Anaerobic Digestion (Bio-Digesters) as an Approach to the Decontamination of Animal Wastes in Pollution Control and the Generation of Renewable Energy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-28, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:9:p:4390-4417:d:28875
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. B. Lutge & B. Standish, 2013. "Assessing the potential for electricity generation from animal waste biogas on South African farms," Agrekon, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(2), pages 1-24, June.
    2. Ribaudo, Marc & Kaplan, Jonathan D. & Christensen, Lee A. & Gollehon, Noel R. & Johansson, Robert C. & Breneman, Vincent E. & Aillery, Marcel P. & Agapoff, Jean & Peters, Mark, 2003. "Manure Management For Water Quality Costs To Animal Feeding Operations Of Applying Manure Nutrients To Land," Agricultural Economic Reports 33911, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
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    Cited by:

    1. Christy E. Manyi-Loh & Sampson N. Mamphweli & Edson L. Meyer & Anthony I. Okoh & Golden Makaka & Michael Simon, 2014. "Inactivation of Selected Bacterial Pathogens in Dairy Cattle Manure by Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion (Balloon Type Digester)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Dae-Yeol Cheong & Jeffrey Todd Harvey & Jinsu Kim & Changsoo Lee, 2019. "Improving Biomethanation of Chicken Manure by Co-Digestion with Ethanol Plant Effluent," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Yonglan Tian & Huayong Zhang & Lei Zheng & Shusen Li & He Hao & Meixiao Yin & Yudong Cao & Hai Huang, 2019. "Process Analysis of Anaerobic Fermentation Exposure to Metal Mixtures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-21, July.
    4. Toqeer Ahmed & Miklas Scholz & Furat Al-Faraj & Wajeeha Niaz, 2016. "Water-Related Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Subsequently on Public Health: A Review for Generalists with Particular Reference to Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Stephen Tangwe & Patrick Mukumba & Golden Makaka, 2022. "Design and Employing of a Non-Linear Response Surface Model to Predict the Microbial Loads in Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Manure: Batch Balloon Digester," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-25, October.
    6. Lucía Salguero-Puerta & Juan Carlos Leyva-Díaz & Francisco Joaquín Cortés-García & Valentín Molina-Moreno, 2019. "Sustainability Indicators Concerning Waste Management for Implementation of the Circular Economy Model on the University of Lome (Togo) Campus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-21, June.
    7. Yonglan Tian & Huayong Zhang & Lei Zheng & Shusen Li & He Hao & Hai Huang, 2019. "Effect of Zn Addition on the Cd-Containing Anaerobic Fermentation Process: Biodegradation and Microbial Communities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-17, August.
    8. Stephen Tangwe & Patrick Mukumba & Golden Makaka, 2022. "Comparison of the Prediction Accuracy of Total Viable Bacteria Counts in a Batch Balloon Digester Charged with Cow Manure: Multiple Linear Regression and Non-Linear Regression Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-23, October.
    9. Oluwafunmilayo Abiola Aworanti & Oluseye Omotoso Agbede & Samuel Enahoro Agarry & Ayobami Olu Ajani & Oyetola Ogunkunle & Opeyeolu Timothy Laseinde & S. M. Ashrafur Rahman & Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah, 2023. "Decoding Anaerobic Digestion: A Holistic Analysis of Biomass Waste Technology, Process Kinetics, and Operational Variables," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-36, April.
    10. Christy E. Manyi-Loh & Sampson N. Mamphweli & Edson L. Meyer & Golden Makaka & Michael Simon & Anthony I. Okoh, 2016. "An Overview of the Control of Bacterial Pathogens in Cattle Manure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-27, August.

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