IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v9y2016i7p547-d73989.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Harnessing the Flexibility of Thermostatic Loads in Microgrids with Solar Power Generation

Author

Listed:
  • Rosa Morales González

    (Electrical Energy Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Shahab Shariat Torbaghan

    (Electrical Energy Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Madeleine Gibescu

    (Electrical Energy Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Sjef Cobben

    (Electrical Energy Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
    Alliander N.V., Groningensingel 1, 6835EA Arnhem, The Netherlands)

Abstract

This paper presents a demand response (DR) framework that intertwines thermodynamic building models with a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization method. The framework optimizes heating/cooling schedules of end-users inside a business park microgrid with local distributed generation from renewable energy sources (DG-RES) based on two separate objectives: net load minimization and electricity cost minimization. DG-RES is treated as a curtailable resource in anticipation of future scenarios where the infeed of DG-RES to the regional distribution network could be limited. We test the DR framework with a case study of a refrigerated warehouse and an office building located in a business park with local PV generation. Results show the technical potential of the DR framework in harnessing the flexibility of the thermal masses from end-user sites in order to: (1) reduce the energy exchange at the point of connection; (2) reduce the cost of electricity for the microgrid end-users; and (3) increase the local utilization of DG-RES in cases where DG-RES exports to the grid are restricted. The results of this work can aid end-users and distribution network operators to reduce energy costs and energy consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosa Morales González & Shahab Shariat Torbaghan & Madeleine Gibescu & Sjef Cobben, 2016. "Harnessing the Flexibility of Thermostatic Loads in Microgrids with Solar Power Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-24, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:7:p:547-:d:73989
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/7/547/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/7/547/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Siano, Pierluigi, 2014. "Demand response and smart grids—A survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 461-478.
    2. Raji Atia & Noboru Yamada, 2016. "Distributed Renewable Generation and Storage System Sizing Based on Smart Dispatch of Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, March.
    3. He, Xian & Keyaerts, Nico & Azevedo, Isabel & Meeus, Leonardo & Hancher, Leigh & Glachant, Jean-Michel, 2013. "How to engage consumers in demand response: A contract perspective," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 108-122.
    4. A. Rahman, Hasimah & Majid, Md. Shah & Rezaee Jordehi, A. & Chin Kim, Gan & Hassan, Mohammad Yusri & O. Fadhl, Saeed, 2015. "Operation and control strategies of integrated distributed energy resources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1412-1420.
    5. Mary B. Wilson & Rogelio Luck & Pedro J. Mago, 2015. "A First-Order Study of Reduced Energy Consumption via Increased Thermal Capacitance with Thermal Storage Management in a Micro-Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-17, October.
    6. Jingshuang Shen & Chuanwen Jiang & Bosong Li, 2015. "Controllable Load Management Approaches in Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-16, October.
    7. Torriti, Jacopo & Hassan, Mohamed G. & Leach, Matthew, 2010. "Demand response experience in Europe: Policies, programmes and implementation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1575-1583.
    8. Ghatikar, Girish & Mashayekh, Salman & Stadler, Michael & Yin, Rongxin & Liu, Zhenhua, 2016. "Distributed energy systems integration and demand optimization for autonomous operations and electric grid transactions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 432-448.
    9. Stephen Treado & Yan Chen, 2013. "Saving Building Energy through Advanced Control Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-17, September.
    10. Yin, Rongxin & Kara, Emre C. & Li, Yaping & DeForest, Nicholas & Wang, Ke & Yong, Taiyou & Stadler, Michael, 2016. "Quantifying flexibility of commercial and residential loads for demand response using setpoint changes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 149-164.
    11. Pielow, Amy & Sioshansi, Ramteen & Roberts, Matthew C., 2012. "Modeling short-run electricity demand with long-term growth rates and consumer price elasticity in commercial and industrial sectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 533-540.
    12. Paulus, Moritz & Borggrefe, Frieder, 2011. "The potential of demand-side management in energy-intensive industries for electricity markets in Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 432-441, February.
    13. Grünewald, Philipp & Torriti, Jacopo, 2013. "Demand response from the non-domestic sector: Early UK experiences and future opportunities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 423-429.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kaiye Gao & Tianshi Wang & Chenjing Han & Jinhao Xie & Ye Ma & Rui Peng, 2021. "A Review of Optimization of Microgrid Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-39, May.
    2. Delaram Azari & Shahab Shariat Torbaghan & Hans Cappon & Karel J. Keesman & Madeleine Gibescu & Huub Rijnaarts, 2020. "On the Sensitivity of Local Flexibility Markets to Forecast Error: A Bi-Level Optimization Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Postnikov, A. & Albayati, I.M. & Pearson, S. & Bingham, C. & Bickerton, R. & Zolotas, A., 2019. "Facilitating static firm frequency response with aggregated networks of commercial food refrigeration systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Rosa Francesca De Masi & Antonio Gigante & Valentino Festa & Silvia Ruggiero & Giuseppe Peter Vanoli, 2021. "Effect of HVAC’s Management on Indoor Thermo-Hygrometric Comfort and Energy Balance: In Situ Assessments on a Real nZEB," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-30, November.
    5. Omid Abrishambaf & Pedro Faria & Zita Vale, 2020. "Ramping of Demand Response Event with Deploying Distinct Programs by an Aggregator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Paterakis, Nikolaos G. & Erdinç, Ozan & Catalão, João P.S., 2017. "An overview of Demand Response: Key-elements and international experience," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 871-891.
    2. Gaspari, Michele & Lorenzoni, Arturo & Frías, Pablo & Reneses, Javier, 2017. "Integrated Energy Services for the industrial sector: an innovative model for sustainable electricity supply," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 118-127.
    3. Valdes, Javier & Masip Macia, Yunesky & Dorner, Wolfgang & Ramirez Camargo, Luis, 2021. "Unsupervised grouping of industrial electricity demand profiles: Synthetic profiles for demand-side management applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    4. Dranka, Géremi Gilson & Ferreira, Paula, 2019. "Review and assessment of the different categories of demand response potentials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 280-294.
    5. Olsthoorn, Mark & Schleich, Joachim & Klobasa, Marian, 2015. "Barriers to electricity load shift in companies: A survey-based exploration of the end-user perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 32-42.
    6. Voulis, Nina & Warnier, Martijn & Brazier, Frances M.T., 2017. "Impact of service sector loads on renewable resource integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1311-1326.
    7. Good, Nicholas & Ellis, Keith A. & Mancarella, Pierluigi, 2017. "Review and classification of barriers and enablers of demand response in the smart grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 57-72.
    8. Ayman Esmat & Julio Usaola & Mª Ángeles Moreno, 2018. "A Decentralized Local Flexibility Market Considering the Uncertainty of Demand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-32, August.
    9. Zhou, Kaile & Yang, Shanlin, 2015. "Demand side management in China: The context of China’s power industry reform," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 954-965.
    10. Leinauer, Christina & Schott, Paul & Fridgen, Gilbert & Keller, Robert & Ollig, Philipp & Weibelzahl, Martin, 2022. "Obstacles to demand response: Why industrial companies do not adapt their power consumption to volatile power generation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    11. Gils, Hans Christian, 2014. "Assessment of the theoretical demand response potential in Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1-18.
    12. McPherson, Madeleine & Stoll, Brady, 2020. "Demand response for variable renewable energy integration: A proposed approach and its impacts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    13. Feuerriegel, Stefan & Neumann, Dirk, 2014. "Measuring the financial impact of demand response for electricity retailers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 359-368.
    14. Ussama Assad & Muhammad Arshad Shehzad Hassan & Umar Farooq & Asif Kabir & Muhammad Zeeshan Khan & S. Sabahat H. Bukhari & Zain ul Abidin Jaffri & Judit Oláh & József Popp, 2022. "Smart Grid, Demand Response and Optimization: A Critical Review of Computational Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-36, March.
    15. Michael Schoepf & Martin Weibelzahl & Lisa Nowka, 2018. "The Impact of Substituting Production Technologies on the Economic Demand Response Potential in Industrial Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-13, August.
    16. Jan Stede & Karin Arnold & Christa Dufter & Georg Holtz & Serafin von Roon & Jörn C. Richstein, 2020. "The Role of Aggregators in Facilitating Industrial Demand Response: Evidence from Germany," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1840, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    17. Derakhshan, Ghasem & Shayanfar, Heidar Ali & Kazemi, Ahad, 2016. "The optimization of demand response programs in smart grids," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 295-306.
    18. Tahir, Muhammad Faizan & Chen, Haoyong & Khan, Asad & Javed, Muhammad Sufyan & Cheema, Khalid Mehmood & Laraik, Noman Ali, 2020. "Significance of demand response in light of current pilot projects in China and devising a problem solution for future advancements," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    19. Siiri Söyrinki & Eva Heiskanen & Kaisa Matschoss, 2018. "Piloting Demand Response in Retailing: Lessons Learned in Real-Life Context," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, October.
    20. Müller, Theresa & Möst, Dominik, 2018. "Demand Response Potential: Available when Needed?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 181-198.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:7:p:547-:d:73989. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.