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Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst

Author

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  • Isah Yakub Mohammed

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
    Crops for the Future (CFF), the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia)

  • Feroz Kabir Kazi

    (Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK)

  • Suzana Yusup

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknology Petronas (UTP) Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 31750, Malaysia)

  • Peter Adeniyi Alaba

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Yahaya Muhammad Sani

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Yousif Abdalla Abakr

    (Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Material Engineering, the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia)

Abstract

The environmental impact from the use of fossil fuel cum depletion of the known fossil oil reserves has led to increasing interest in liquid biofuels made from renewable biomass. This study presents the first experimental report on the catalytic pyrolysis of Napier grass, an underutilized biomass source, using ZSM-5, 0.3HZSM-5 and zinc exchanged zeolite-A catalyst. Pyrolysis was conducted in fixed bed reactor at 600 °C, 30 °C/min and 7 L/min nitrogen flow rate. The effect of catalyst-biomass ratio was evaluated with respect to pyrolysis oil yield and composition. Increasing the catalyst loading from 0.5 to 1.0 wt % showed no significant decrease in the bio-oil yield, particularly, the organic phase and thereafter decreased at catalyst loadings of 2.0 and 3.0 wt %. Standard analytical methods were used to establish the composition of the pyrolysis oil, which was made up of various aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics and other valuable chemicals and varied greatly with the surface acidity and pore characteristics of the individual catalysts. This study has demonstrated that pyrolysis oil with high fuel quality and value added chemicals can be produced from pyrolysis of Napier grass over acidic zeolite based catalysts.

Suggested Citation

  • Isah Yakub Mohammed & Feroz Kabir Kazi & Suzana Yusup & Peter Adeniyi Alaba & Yahaya Muhammad Sani & Yousif Abdalla Abakr, 2016. "Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor with ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Zinc-Exchanged Zeolite-A as the Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:4:p:246-:d:66676
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Srirangan, Kajan & Akawi, Lamees & Moo-Young, Murray & Chou, C. Perry, 2012. "Towards sustainable production of clean energy carriers from biomass resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 172-186.
    2. Isah Y. Mohammed & Yousif A. Abakr & Feroz K. Kazi & Suzana Yusup & Ibraheem Alshareef & Soh A. Chin, 2015. "Comprehensive Characterization of Napier Grass as a Feedstock for Thermochemical Conversion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-15, April.
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    5. Park, Young-Kwon & Yoo, Myung Lang & Jin, Sung Ho & Park, Sung Hoon, 2015. "Catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste pepper stems over HZSM-5," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 20-27.
    6. Park, S.R. & Pandey, A.K. & Tyagi, V.V. & Tyagi, S.K., 2014. "Energy and exergy analysis of typical renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 105-123.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gholizadeh, Mortaza & Hu, Xun & Liu, Qing, 2019. "A mini review of the specialties of the bio-oils produced from pyrolysis of 20 different biomasses," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
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    3. Ansari, Khursheed B. & Gaikar, Vilas G., 2019. "Investigating production of hydrocarbon rich bio-oil from grassy biomass using vacuum pyrolysis coupled with online deoxygenation of volatile products over metallic iron," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 305-318.

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