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Thermo-Economic Analysis of Zeotropic Mixtures and Pure Working Fluids in Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery

Author

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  • Florian Heberle

    (Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTTT), Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany)

  • Dieter Brüggemann

    (Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTTT), Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany)

Abstract

We present a thermo-economic analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for waste heat recovery. A case study for a heat source temperature of 150 °C and a subcritical, saturated cycle is performed. As working fluids R245fa, isobutane, isopentane, and the mixture of isobutane and isopentane are considered. The minimal temperature difference in the evaporator and the condenser, as well as the mixture composition are chosen as variables in order to identify the most suitable working fluid in combination with optimal process parameters under thermo-economic criteria. In general, the results show that cost-effective systems have a high minimal temperature difference ΔT PP,C at the pinch-point of the condenser and a low minimal temperature difference ΔT PP,E at the pinch-point of the evaporator. Choosing isobutane as the working fluid leads to the lowest costs per unit exergy with 52.0 €/GJ ( ΔT PP,E = 1.2 K; ΔT PP,C = 14 K). Considering the major components of the ORC, specific costs range between 1150 €/kW and 2250 €/kW. For the zeotropic mixture, a mole fraction of 90% isobutane leads to the lowest specific costs per unit exergy. A further analysis of the ORC system using isobutane shows high sensitivity of the costs per unit exergy for the selected cost estimation methods and for the isentropic efficiency of the turbine.

Suggested Citation

  • Florian Heberle & Dieter Brüggemann, 2016. "Thermo-Economic Analysis of Zeotropic Mixtures and Pure Working Fluids in Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:4:p:226-:d:66308
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    14. Li, Jian & Yang, Zhen & Hu, Shuozhuo & Duan, Yuanyuan, 2021. "Influences of fluid corrosivity and heat exchanger materials on design and thermo-economic performance of organic Rankine cycle systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
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    17. Oyeniyi A. Oyewunmi & Christos N. Markides, 2016. "Thermo-Economic and Heat Transfer Optimization of Working-Fluid Mixtures in a Low-Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-21, June.
    18. Zhonghe Han & Peng Li & Xu Han & Zhongkai Mei & Zhi Wang, 2017. "Thermo-Economic Performance Analysis of a Regenerative Superheating Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-23, October.
    19. Sanne Lemmens, 2016. "Cost Engineering Techniques and Their Applicability for Cost Estimation of Organic Rankine Cycle Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-18, June.
    20. Xu, Weicong & Zhao, Ruikai & Deng, Shuai & Zhao, Li & Mao, Samuel S., 2021. "Is zeotropic working fluid a promising option for organic Rankine cycle: A quantitative evaluation based on literature data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    21. Marcin Kruzel & Tadeusz Bohdal & Krzysztof Dutkowski & Waldemar Kuczyński & Katarzyna Chliszcz, 2022. "Current Research Trends in the Process of Condensation of Cooling Zeotropic Mixtures in Compact Condensers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    22. Schilling, J. & Entrup, M. & Hopp, M. & Gross, J. & Bardow, A., 2021. "Towards optimal mixtures of working fluids: Integrated design of processes and mixtures for Organic Rankine Cycles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    23. Li, Jian & Yang, Zhen & Hu, Shuozhuo & Yang, Fubin & Duan, Yuanyuan, 2020. "Thermo-economic analyses and evaluations of small-scale dual-pressure evaporation organic Rankine cycle system using pure fluids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
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