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Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms

Author

Listed:
  • Rodrigo Teixeira Pinto

    (Electrical Power Processing Group, Technical University of Delft, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands)

  • Sílvio Fragoso Rodrigues

    (Electrical Power Processing Group, Technical University of Delft, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands)

  • Edwin Wiggelinkhuizen

    (Wind Energy Group, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Westerduinweg 3, Petten 1755 LE, The Netherlands)

  • Ricardo Scherrer

    (Bids, Proposals & Sales Operations, Alcatel-Lucent, Av. Marginal Direita da Anchieta 400, São Paulo 04182-901, Brazil)

  • Pavol Bauer

    (Electrical Power Processing Group, Technical University of Delft, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands)

  • Jan Pierik

    (Wind Energy Group, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Westerduinweg 3, Petten 1755 LE, The Netherlands)

Abstract

For achieving the European renewable electricity targets, a significant contribution is foreseen to come from offshore wind energy. Considering the large scale of the future planned offshore wind farms and the increasing distances to shore, grid integration through a transnational DC network is desirable for several reasons. This article investigates a nine-node DC grid connecting three northern European countries — namely UK, The Netherlands and Germany. The power-flow control inside the multi-terminal DC grid based on voltage-source converters is achieved through a novel method, called distributed voltage control (DVC). In this method, an optimal power flow (OPF) is solved in order to minimize the transmission losses in the network. The main contribution of the paper is the utilization of a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the OPF problem while maintaining an N-1 security constraint. After describing main DC network component models, several case studies illustrate the dynamic behavior of the proposed control method.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodrigo Teixeira Pinto & Sílvio Fragoso Rodrigues & Edwin Wiggelinkhuizen & Ricardo Scherrer & Pavol Bauer & Jan Pierik, 2012. "Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-26, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:6:y:2012:i:1:p:1-26:d:22428
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jakob Glasdam & Claus Leth Bak & Jesper Hjerrild, 2012. "Transient Studies in Large Offshore Wind Farms Employing Detailed Circuit Breaker Representation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(7), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Jan Pierik & Urban Axelsson & Emil Eriksson & Daniel Salomonsson & Pavol Bauer & Balazs Czech, 2010. "A Wind Farm Electrical Systems Evaluation with EeFarm-II," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Oscar Barambones, 2012. "Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Wind Turbine Power Maximization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(7), pages 1-21, July.
    4. Daniel Ludois & Giri Venkataramanan, 2010. "An Examination of AC/HVDC Power Circuits for Interconnecting Bulk Wind Generation with the Electric Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(6), pages 1-27, June.
    5. Sheng Jie Shao & Vassilios G. Agelidis, 2010. "Review of DC System Technologies for Large Scale Integration of Wind Energy Systems with Electricity Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(6), pages 1-17, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Yang & Li, Yahui & Li, Guoqing & Zhao, Dongbo & Chen, Chen, 2018. "Two-stage multi-objective OPF for AC/DC grids with VSC-HVDC: Incorporating decisions analysis into optimization process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 286-296.
    2. Haipeng Xie & Zhaohong Bie & Yanling Lin & Chao Zheng, 2017. "A Hybrid Reliability Evaluation Method for Meshed VSC-HVDC Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Mahdi Shahparasti & Pedro Catalán & Nurul Fazlin Roslan & Joan Rocabert & Raúl-Santiago Muñoz-Aguilar & Alvaro Luna, 2018. "Enhanced Control for Improving the Operation of Grid-Connected Power Converters under Faulty and Saturated Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, February.

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