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Direct Utilization of Liquid Fuels in SOFC for Portable Applications: Challenges for the Selection of Alternative Anodes

Author

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  • Massimiliano Cimenti

    (Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada)

  • Josephine M. Hill

    (Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada)

Abstract

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have the advantage of being able to operate with fuels other than hydrogen. In particular, liquid fuels are especially attractive for powering portable applications such as small power generators or auxiliary power units, in which case the direct utilization of the fuel would be convenient. Although liquid fuels are easier to handle and transport than hydrogen, their direct use in SOFC can lead to anode deactivation due to carbon formation, especially on traditional nickel/yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) anodes. Significant advances have been made in anodic materials that are resistant to carbon formation but often these materials are less electrochemically active than Ni/YSZ. In this review the challenges of using liquid fuels directly in SOFC, in terms of gas-phase and catalytic reactions within the anode chamber, will be discussed and the alternative anode materials so far investigated will be compared.

Suggested Citation

  • Massimiliano Cimenti & Josephine M. Hill, 2009. "Direct Utilization of Liquid Fuels in SOFC for Portable Applications: Challenges for the Selection of Alternative Anodes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-34, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:2:y:2009:i:2:p:377-410:d:5190
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. E. Perry Murray & T. Tsai & S. A. Barnett, 1999. "A direct-methane fuel cell with a ceria-based anode," Nature, Nature, vol. 400(6745), pages 649-651, August.
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    2. Yuanwu Xu & Hao Shu & Hongchuan Qin & Xiaolong Wu & Jingxuan Peng & Chang Jiang & Zhiping Xia & Yongan Wang & Xi Li, 2022. "Real-Time State of Health Estimation for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Based on Unscented Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Thieu, Cam-Anh & Ji, Ho-Il & Kim, Hyoungchul & Yoon, Kyung Joong & Lee, Jong-Ho & Son, Ji-Won, 2019. "Palladium incorporation at the anode of thin-film solid oxide fuel cells and its effect on direct utilization of butane fuel at 600 °C," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 155-164.
    4. Huaiyu Shao, 2017. "Heat Modeling and Material Development of Mg-Based Nanomaterials Combined with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Stationary Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-11, November.
    5. Harun, Nor Farida & Tucker, David & Adams, Thomas A., 2016. "Impact of fuel composition transients on SOFC performance in gas turbine hybrid systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 446-461.
    6. Badwal, S.P.S. & Giddey, S. & Kulkarni, A. & Goel, J. & Basu, S., 2015. "Direct ethanol fuel cells for transport and stationary applications – A comprehensive review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 80-103.
    7. Shaikh, Shabana P.S. & Muchtar, Andanastuti & Somalu, Mahendra R., 2015. "A review on the selection of anode materials for solid-oxide fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-8.

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