IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i23p5939-d1530077.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Comprehensive Approach to Load Frequency Control in Hybrid Power Systems Incorporating Renewable and Conventional Sources with Electric Vehicles and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage

Author

Listed:
  • K. Nagendra

    (Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Greater Noida 201306, India)

  • K. Varun

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, K.N.I.T., Sultanpur 228118, India)

  • G. Som Pal

    (Department of Electronics Engineering, K.N.I.T., Sultanpur 228118, India)

  • K. Santosh

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, K.N.I.T., Sultanpur 228118, India)

  • Sunil Semwal

    (Tula’s Institute, Dehradun 248197, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Manoj Badoni

    (Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, India)

  • Rajeev Kumar

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad 201206, India)

Abstract

This study addresses the load frequency control (LFC) within a multiarea power system characterized by diverse generation sources across three distinct power system areas. area 1 comprises thermal, geothermal, and electric vehicle (EV) generation with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) support; area 2 encompasses thermal and EV generation; and area 3 includes hydro, gas, and EV generation. The objective is to minimize the area control error (ACE) under various scenarios, including parameter variations and random load changes, using different control strategies: proportional-integral-derivative (PID), two-degree-of-freedom PID (PID-2DF), fractional-order PID (FOPID), fractional-order integral (FOPID-FOI), and fractional-order integral and derivative (FOPID-FOID) controllers. The result analysis under various conditions (normal, random, and parameter variations) evidences the superior performance of the FOPID-FOID control scheme over the others in terms of time-domain specifications like oscillations and settling time. The FOPID-FOID control scheme provides advantages like adaptability/flexibility to system parameter changes and better response time for the current power system. This research is novel because it shows that the FOPID-FOID is an excellent control scheme that can integrate these diverse/renewable sources with modern systems.

Suggested Citation

  • K. Nagendra & K. Varun & G. Som Pal & K. Santosh & Sunil Semwal & Manoj Badoni & Rajeev Kumar, 2024. "A Comprehensive Approach to Load Frequency Control in Hybrid Power Systems Incorporating Renewable and Conventional Sources with Electric Vehicles and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-36, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:5939-:d:1530077
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5939/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5939/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. PraveenKumar, Seepana & Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah & Kumar, Abhinav & Velkin, Vladimir Ivanovich, 2023. "Performance evaluation with low-cost aluminum reflectors and phase change material integrated to solar PV modules using natural air convection: An experimental investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. Désiré D. Rasolomampionona & Michał Połecki & Krzysztof Zagrajek & Wiktor Wróblewski & Marcin Januszewski, 2024. "A Comprehensive Review of Load Frequency Control Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-74, June.
    3. Shihao Xie & Yun Zeng & Jing Qian & Fanjie Yang & Youtao Li, 2023. "CPSOGSA Optimization Algorithm Driven Cascaded 3DOF-FOPID-FOPI Controller for Load Frequency Control of DFIG-Containing Interconnected Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Boyan Huang & Kai Song & Shulin Jiang & Zhenqing Zhao & Zhiqiang Zhang & Cong Li & Jiawen Sun, 2024. "A Robust Salp Swarm Algorithm for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Under Partial Shading Conditions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Satpathy, Priya Ranjan & Aljafari, Belqasem & Thanikanti, Sudhakar Babu & Sharma, Renu, 2023. "An efficient power extraction technique for improved performance and reliability of solar PV arrays during partial shading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    3. Hong, Wenpeng & Mu, Yuhan & Lan, Jingrui & Jin, Xu & Wang, Xinzhi & Li, Haoran, 2024. "Improving vapor condensation via copper foam in capillary-fed photovoltaic membrane distillation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    4. Ke, Wei & Ji, Jie & Zhang, Chengyan & Xie, Hao, 2023. "Modelling analysis and performance evaluation of a novel hybrid CdTe-PCM PV glass module for building envelope application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    5. Shahriyar Nasirov & Paula Gonzalez & Jose Opazo & Carlos Silva, 2023. "Development of Rooftop Solar under Netbilling in Chile: Analysis of Main Barriers from Project Developers’ Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-18, January.
    6. Haiyan Meng & Yakai Lu & Zhe Tian & Xiangbei Jiang & Zhongqing Han & Jide Niu, 2023. "Performance Evaluation Method of Day-Ahead Load Prediction Models in a District Heating and Cooling System: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.
    7. KM Puja Bharti & Haroon Ashfaq & Rajeev Kumar & Rajveer Singh, 2024. "Designing a Bidirectional Power Flow Control Mechanism for Integrated EVs in PV-Based Grid Systems Supporting Onboard AC Charging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-27, October.
    8. MD Shouquat Hossain & Laveet Kumar & Adeel Arshad & Jeyraj Selvaraj & A. K. Pandey & Nasrudin Abd Rahim, 2023. "A Comparative Investigation on Solar PVT- and PVT-PCM-Based Collector Constancy Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-26, February.
    9. Khan, Sheher Yar & Waqas, Adeel & Kumar, Mahesh & Liu, Shuli & Shen, Yongliang & Chen, Tingsen & Shoaib, Muhammad & Khan, Muhammad Omair, 2024. "Experimental, numerical, and 4E assessment of photovoltaic module using macro-encapsulation of pure and nano phase change material: A comparative analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    10. Xiaogang Pan & Kangli Liu & Jianhua Wang & Yutao Hu & Jianfeng Zhao, 2023. "Capacity Allocation Method Based on Historical Data-Driven Search Algorithm for Integrated PV and Energy Storage Charging Station," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    11. Tania Itzel Serrano-Arévalo & Javier Tovar-Facio & José María Ponce-Ortega, 2023. "Optimal Incorporation of Intermittent Renewable Energy Storage Units and Green Hydrogen Production in the Electrical Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-25, March.
    12. Li, Xinyi & Wang, Yifei & Yuan, Qibin & Bian, Qingfei & Simon, Terrence & Yang, Haibo & Wang, Qiuwang, 2024. "Thermal management of PV based on latent energy storage of composite phase change material: A system-level analysis with pore-scale model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 364(C).
    13. Jianwei Mi & Jie Du & Chengjian Liu & Xintong Li & Yiqun Zhang & Guanheng Fan, 2023. "Design and Optimization of Photovoltaic System in Full-Chain Ground-Based Validation System of Space Solar Power Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-19, April.
    14. Hamed, Mohammed H. & Hassan, Hamdy & Ookawara, Shinichi & Nada, Sameh A., 2024. "Performance comparative study on passively cooled concentrated photovoltaic (PV) using adsorption/desorption and heat sink cooling methods: Experimental investigations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    15. Yu Qiu & Erqi E & Qing Li, 2023. "Triple-Objective Optimization of SCO 2 Brayton Cycles for Next-Generation Solar Power Tower," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.
    16. Long Wang, 2023. "Merchant Energy Storage Investment Analysis Considering Multi-Energy Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-19, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:5939-:d:1530077. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.