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Alternative Analyzers for the Measurement of Gaseous Compounds During Type-Approval of Heavy-Duty Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Roberto Gioria

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Christian Ferrarese

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
    ETSI Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/Rios Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Lorenzo Finocchiaro

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

  • Barouch Giechaskiel

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy)

Abstract

Emissions standards describe the fuels, the procedures, and, among others, the analyzers to be used for the measurement of the different compounds during the type-approval of heavy-duty engines and vehicles. Traditionally, NOx, CO, hydrocarbons, and CO 2 were the gaseous compounds measured within the Euro standard, with the later addition of CH 4 and NH 3 . Euro 7, introduced in early 2024, expanded those compounds, requiring the measurement of N 2 O and HCHO. With an increasing number of molecules that need to be measured and introducing carbonless fuels, such as hydrogen, that present different requirements compared to carbon-based fuels, the test procedure needs to be updated. The performances of three laboratory-grade instruments and three portable emissions measurement systems based on Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) or quantum cascade laser infrared (QCL-IR) technologies were investigated while measuring from the tailpipe of a Diesel engine and a compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle. All instruments presented good agreement when emissions of NOx, CO, CH 4 , NH 3 , N 2 O, HCHO, and CO 2 were compared using: Z-score, F-test and two tail t -test of student. Water concentration measured by the four FTIRs was also in good agreement. Moreover, the dry emissions of CO 2 and CO measured by the laboratory non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) and corrected using water were a few percentages different from those obtained using the regulated carbon-based approach. The results indicate that all the investigated systems are suitable for the measurement of the investigated gaseous compounds, including CO 2 and H 2 O.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa & Roberto Gioria & Christian Ferrarese & Lorenzo Finocchiaro & Barouch Giechaskiel, 2024. "Alternative Analyzers for the Measurement of Gaseous Compounds During Type-Approval of Heavy-Duty Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:22:p:5676-:d:1520122
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Victor Valverde & Yosuke Kondo & Yoshinori Otsuki & Torsten Krenz & Anastasios Melas & Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa & Barouch Giechaskiel, 2023. "Measurement of Gaseous Exhaust Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles in Preparation for Euro 7: A Comparison of Portable and Laboratory Instrumentation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Mera, Zamir & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2019. "Analysis of the high instantaneous NOx emissions from Euro 6 diesel passenger cars under real driving conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1074-1089.
    3. Marta Gandiglio & Paolo Marocco, 2024. "Mapping Hydrogen Initiatives in Italy: An Overview of Funding and Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Arkadiusz Jamrozik & Wojciech Tutak, 2024. "Alcohols as Biofuel for a Diesel Engine with Blend Mode—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-30, September.
    5. Arianna Baldinelli & Marco Francesconi & Marco Antonelli, 2024. "Hydrogen, E-Fuels, Biofuels: What Is the Most Viable Alternative to Diesel for Heavy-Duty Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-16, September.
    6. Barouch Giechaskiel & Tobias Jakobsson & Hua Lu Karlsson & M. Yusuf Khan & Linus Kronlund & Yoshinori Otsuki & Jürgen Bredenbeck & Stefan Handler-Matejka, 2022. "Assessment of On-Board and Laboratory Gas Measurement Systems for Future Heavy-Duty Emissions Regulations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.
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