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Model Predictive Control of Heat Pumps with Thermal Energy Storages in Industrial Processes

Author

Listed:
  • Raphael Agner

    (Competence Center Thermal Energy Systems and Process Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Technikumstrasse 21, 6048 Horw, Switzerland)

  • Peter Gruber

    (Competence Center Thermal Energy Systems and Process Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Technikumstrasse 21, 6048 Horw, Switzerland)

  • Beat Wellig

    (Competence Center Thermal Energy Systems and Process Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Technikumstrasse 21, 6048 Horw, Switzerland)

Abstract

Integration of heat pumps combined with thermal energy storage provides a key pathway to decarbonizing the energy supply in the industry when the processes are not operated continuously. Yet, this integration of such novel systems introduces control challenges due to added dependencies between different process streams. This work investigates the control problem of heat pumps coupled to stratified thermal energy storage that is integrated into non-continuous industrial processes. A two-layer control strategy is proposed, where, in the higher level, a model predictive controller is developed for energy management using a linear model of the non-linear process. The resulting optimization problem is a mixed integer quadratic program. The low-level control layer is defined with standard industry controllers. The overall system is tested using a dynamic simulation model for the entire process, demonstrating its performance in three different cases. The control strategy optimizes heat recovery while ensuring system operability. The study demonstrates successful disturbance rejection and cold starts, wherein 100% of the targeted heat recovery can be confirmed under nominal conditions. Further evaluation in laboratory or field trials is recommended, and alternative, yet-to-be-defined, control concepts may be compared to the proposed approach.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphael Agner & Peter Gruber & Beat Wellig, 2024. "Model Predictive Control of Heat Pumps with Thermal Energy Storages in Industrial Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:19:p:4823-:d:1486433
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kapustenko, Petro O. & Ulyev, Leonid M. & Boldyryev, Stanislav A. & Garev, Andrey O., 2008. "Integration of a heat pump into the heat supply system of a cheese production plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 882-889.
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