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Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Behavior and Hazards of a 1440 Ah LiFePO 4 Battery Pack

Author

Listed:
  • Hao Chen

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Kai Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Youwei Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Mingjie Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Hao Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Jialiang Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Zhanzhan Qu

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Yilin Lai

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

Abstract

The thermal runaway (TR) behavior and combustion hazards of lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs directly determine the implementation of firefighting and flame-retardants in energy storage systems. This work studied the TR propagation process and dangers of large-scale LIB packs by experimental methods. The LIB pack consisted of twenty-four 60 Ah (192 Wh) LIBs with LiFePO 4 (LFP) as the cathode material. Flame performance, temperature, smoke production, heat release rate (HRR), and mass loss were analyzed during the experiment. The results indicated that TR propagation of the LIB pack developed from the outside to the inside and from the middle to both sides. The development process could be divided into five stages corresponding to the combustion HRR peaks. In the initial stages, the main factor causing LFP battery TR under heating conditions was the external heat source. With the propagation of TR, heat conduction between batteries became the main factor. Hazard analysis found that the HRR max of the LIB pack was 314 KW, more than eight times that of a single 60 Ah battery under heating conditions. The LIB pack had higher normalized mass loss and normalized THR (6.94 g/Ah and 187 KJ/Ah, respectively) than a single LFP battery. This study provides a reference for developing strategies to address TR propagation or firefighting in energy storage systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao Chen & Kai Yang & Youwei Liu & Mingjie Zhang & Hao Liu & Jialiang Liu & Zhanzhan Qu & Yilin Lai, 2023. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Behavior and Hazards of a 1440 Ah LiFePO 4 Battery Pack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3398-:d:1121788
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhou, Zhizuan & Zhou, Xiaodong & Li, Maoyu & Cao, Bei & Liew, K.M. & Yang, Lizhong, 2022. "Experimentally exploring prevention of thermal runaway propagation of large-format prismatic lithium-ion battery module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    2. Mao, Binbin & Zhao, Chunpeng & Chen, Haodong & Wang, Qingsong & Sun, Jinhua, 2021. "Experimental and modeling analysis of jet flow and fire dynamics of 18650-type lithium-ion battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    3. Qin, Peng & Jia, Zhuangzhuang & Wu, Jingyun & Jin, Kaiqiang & Duan, Qiangling & Jiang, Lihua & Sun, Jinhua & Ding, Jinghu & Shi, Cheng & Wang, Qingsong, 2022. "The thermal runaway analysis on LiFePO4 electrical energy storage packs with different venting areas and void volumes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    4. Mao, Binbin & Liu, Chaoqun & Yang, Kai & Li, Shi & Liu, Pengjie & Zhang, Mingjie & Meng, Xiangdong & Gao, Fei & Duan, Qiangling & Wang, Qingsong & Sun, Jinhua, 2021. "Thermal runaway and fire behaviors of a 300 Ah lithium ion battery with LiFePO4 as cathode," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
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