IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i8p3398-d1121788.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Behavior and Hazards of a 1440 Ah LiFePO 4 Battery Pack

Author

Listed:
  • Hao Chen

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Kai Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Youwei Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Mingjie Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Hao Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Jialiang Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Zhanzhan Qu

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

  • Yilin Lai

    (State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China)

Abstract

The thermal runaway (TR) behavior and combustion hazards of lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs directly determine the implementation of firefighting and flame-retardants in energy storage systems. This work studied the TR propagation process and dangers of large-scale LIB packs by experimental methods. The LIB pack consisted of twenty-four 60 Ah (192 Wh) LIBs with LiFePO 4 (LFP) as the cathode material. Flame performance, temperature, smoke production, heat release rate (HRR), and mass loss were analyzed during the experiment. The results indicated that TR propagation of the LIB pack developed from the outside to the inside and from the middle to both sides. The development process could be divided into five stages corresponding to the combustion HRR peaks. In the initial stages, the main factor causing LFP battery TR under heating conditions was the external heat source. With the propagation of TR, heat conduction between batteries became the main factor. Hazard analysis found that the HRR max of the LIB pack was 314 KW, more than eight times that of a single 60 Ah battery under heating conditions. The LIB pack had higher normalized mass loss and normalized THR (6.94 g/Ah and 187 KJ/Ah, respectively) than a single LFP battery. This study provides a reference for developing strategies to address TR propagation or firefighting in energy storage systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao Chen & Kai Yang & Youwei Liu & Mingjie Zhang & Hao Liu & Jialiang Liu & Zhanzhan Qu & Yilin Lai, 2023. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Behavior and Hazards of a 1440 Ah LiFePO 4 Battery Pack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3398-:d:1121788
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3398/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3398/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhou, Zhizuan & Zhou, Xiaodong & Li, Maoyu & Cao, Bei & Liew, K.M. & Yang, Lizhong, 2022. "Experimentally exploring prevention of thermal runaway propagation of large-format prismatic lithium-ion battery module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    2. Qin, Peng & Jia, Zhuangzhuang & Wu, Jingyun & Jin, Kaiqiang & Duan, Qiangling & Jiang, Lihua & Sun, Jinhua & Ding, Jinghu & Shi, Cheng & Wang, Qingsong, 2022. "The thermal runaway analysis on LiFePO4 electrical energy storage packs with different venting areas and void volumes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    3. Mao, Binbin & Liu, Chaoqun & Yang, Kai & Li, Shi & Liu, Pengjie & Zhang, Mingjie & Meng, Xiangdong & Gao, Fei & Duan, Qiangling & Wang, Qingsong & Sun, Jinhua, 2021. "Thermal runaway and fire behaviors of a 300 Ah lithium ion battery with LiFePO4 as cathode," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    4. Mao, Binbin & Zhao, Chunpeng & Chen, Haodong & Wang, Qingsong & Sun, Jinhua, 2021. "Experimental and modeling analysis of jet flow and fire dynamics of 18650-type lithium-ion battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jia, Zhuangzhuang & Song, Laifeng & Mei, Wenxin & Yu, Yin & Meng, Xiangdong & Jin, Kaiqiang & Sun, Jinhua & Wang, Qingsong, 2022. "The preload force effect on the thermal runaway and venting behaviors of large-format prismatic LiFePO4 batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    2. Zhou, Zhizuan & Zhou, Xiaodong & Li, Maoyu & Cao, Bei & Liew, K.M. & Yang, Lizhong, 2022. "Experimentally exploring prevention of thermal runaway propagation of large-format prismatic lithium-ion battery module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    3. E, Jiaqiang & Xiao, Hanxu & Tian, Sicheng & Huang, Yuxin, 2024. "A comprehensive review on thermal runaway model of a lithium-ion battery: Mechanism, thermal, mechanical, propagation, gas venting and combustion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    4. Wang, Gongquan & Kong, Depeng & Ping, Ping & He, Xiaoqin & Lv, Hongpeng & Zhao, Hengle & Hong, Wanru, 2023. "Modeling venting behavior of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway propagation by coupling CFD and thermal resistance network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    5. Zhou, Zhizuan & Zhou, Xiaodong & Ju, Xiaoyu & Li, Maoyu & Cao, Bei & Yang, Lizhong, 2023. "Experimental study of thermal runaway propagation along horizontal and vertical directions for LiFePO4 electrical energy storage modules," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 13-26.
    6. Zhou, Zhizuan & Li, Maoyu & Zhou, Xiaodong & Ju, Xiaoyu & Yang, Lizhong, 2023. "Investigating thermal runaway characteristics and trigger mechanism of the parallel lithium-ion battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    7. Sun, Xiepeng & Zhang, Xiaolei & Lv, Jiang & Chen, Xiaotao & Hu, Longhua, 2023. "Experimental study on the buoyant turbulent diffusion flame height of various intermittent levels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    8. Zhang, Yue & Cheng, Siyuan & Mei, Wenxin & Jiang, Lihua & Jia, Zhuangzhuang & Cheng, Zhixiang & Sun, Jinhua & Wang, Qingsong, 2023. "Understanding of thermal runaway mechanism of LiFePO4 battery in-depth by three-level analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    9. Zhou, Zhizuan & Zhou, Xiaodong & Cao, Bei & Yang, Lizhong & Liew, K.M., 2022. "Investigating the relationship between heating temperature and thermal runaway of prismatic lithium-ion battery with LiFePO4 as cathode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    10. Wei, Gang & Huang, Ranjun & Zhang, Guangxu & Jiang, Bo & Zhu, Jiangong & Guo, Yangyang & Han, Guangshuai & Wei, Xuezhe & Dai, Haifeng, 2023. "A comprehensive insight into the thermal runaway issues in the view of lithium-ion battery intrinsic safety performance and venting gas explosion hazards," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    11. Huang, Zonghou & Yu, Yin & Duan, Qiangling & Qin, Peng & Sun, Jinhua & Wang, Qingsong, 2022. "Heating position effect on internal thermal runaway propagation in large-format lithium iron phosphate battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    12. Lingyu Meng & Guofa Wang & Khay Wai See & Yunpeng Wang & Yong Zhang & Caiyun Zang & Rulin Zhou & Bin Xie, 2022. "Large-Scale Li-Ion Battery Research and Application in Mining Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-31, May.
    13. Lin, Xiang-Wei & Li, Yu-Bai & Wu, Wei-Tao & Zhou, Zhi-Fu & Chen, Bin, 2024. "Advances on two-phase heat transfer for lithium-ion battery thermal management," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    14. Zhou, Zhizuan & Li, Maoyu & Zhou, Xiaodong & Li, Lun & Ju, Xiaoyu & Yang, Lizhong, 2024. "Investigating thermal runaway triggering mechanism of the prismatic lithium iron phosphate battery under thermal abuse," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    15. Jia, Zhuangzhuang & Huang, Zonghou & Zhai, Hongju & Qin, Pen & Zhang, Yue & Li, Yawen & Wang, Qingsong, 2022. "Experimental investigation on thermal runaway propagation of 18,650 lithium-ion battery modules with two cathode materials at low pressure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    16. Chen, Mingyi & Zhu, Minghao & Zhao, Luyao & Chen, Yin, 2024. "Study on thermal runaway propagation inhibition of battery module by flame-retardant phase change material combined with aerogel felt," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    17. Hongxu Li & Qing Gao & Yan Wang, 2023. "Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics and Thermal Failure Prediction Parameters of Six-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-14, July.
    18. Zhang, Wencan & Ouyang, Nan & Yin, Xiuxing & Li, Xingyao & Wu, Weixiong & Huang, Liansheng, 2022. "Data-driven early warning strategy for thermal runaway propagation in Lithium-ion battery modules with variable state of charge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    19. Lingzhi Wang & Yang Bu & Yichun Wu, 2024. "Multi-Scale Risk-Informed Comprehensive Assessment Methodology for Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-24, October.
    20. Jie, Deng & Baohui, Chen & Jiazheng, Lu & Tiannian, Zhou & Chuanping, Wu, 2024. "Thermal runaway and combustion characteristics, risk and hazard evaluation of lithium‑iron phosphate battery under different thermal runaway triggering modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3398-:d:1121788. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.