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Improving the Bio-Oil Quality of Residual Biomass Pyrolysis by Chemical Activation: Effect of Alkalis and Acid Pre-Treatment

Author

Listed:
  • Gérson Daniel Valdez

    (Graduate Program of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)

  • Flávio Pinheiro Valois

    (Graduate Program of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)

  • Sammy Jonatan Bremer

    (Fachbereich 1, Energy und Informationen, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW-Berlin), Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, 12459 Berlin, Germany)

  • Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra

    (Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)

  • Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro

    (Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)

  • Marcelo Costa Santos

    (Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)

  • Lucas Pinto Bernar

    (Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil)

  • Waldeci Paraguassu Feio

    (Faculty of Physics, Campus Básico-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil)

  • Luiz Gabriel Santos Moreira

    (Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)

  • Neyson Martins Mendonça

    (Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil)

  • Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro

    (Centro Universitário Luterano de Manaus—CEULM/ULBRA, Avenida Carlos Drummond de Andrade N°. 1460, Manaus 69077-730, Brazil)

  • Sergio Duvoisin

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas-UEA, Avenida Darcy Vargas N°. 1200, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil)

  • Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges

    (Laboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Militar de Engenharia-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio N°. 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil)

  • Nélio Teixeira Machado

    (Graduate Program of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
    Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
    Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
    Faculty of Physics, Campus Básico-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil)

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the acid (HCl) and alkali (KOH) chemical activation of açaí seeds ( Euterpe Oleraceae , Mart.) pre-treatment before pyrolysis at temperatures of 350–450 °C in order to assess how reactions proceed when affected by temperature. Chemical composition of bio-oil and aqueous phase were determined by GC-MS and FT-IR. The bio-char is characterized by XRD. For the activation with KOH, the XRD analysis identified the presence of Kalicinite (KHCO 3 ), the dominant crystalline phase in bio-char, while an amorphous phase was identified in bio-chars for the activation with HCl. The experiments have shown that bio-oil yield increases with temperature for the KOH activated biomass and decreases for the acid activated one. The KOH bio-oil is primarily composed of alcohols and ketones, showing the lowest acid values when compared with the HCl one, which is composed mainly of carboxylic acids and phenols. An increase in alcohol content and a decrease in ketones in the KOH bio-oil with temperature suggests conversion reactions between these two functions. For HCl bio-oil, carboxylic acid concentration increases with temperature while phenols decrease. For production of hydrocarbons, KOH activated biomass pyrolysis is better than acid-activated one, since no hydrocarbons were produced for HCl bio-oil.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérson Daniel Valdez & Flávio Pinheiro Valois & Sammy Jonatan Bremer & Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra & Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro & Marcelo Costa Santos & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Waldeci Paraguassu F, 2023. "Improving the Bio-Oil Quality of Residual Biomass Pyrolysis by Chemical Activation: Effect of Alkalis and Acid Pre-Treatment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:7:p:3162-:d:1112787
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caio Campos Ferreira & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa & Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro & Marcelo Costa Santos & Nathalia Lobato Moraes & Yasmin Santos Costa & Ana Cláudia Fonse, 2022. "Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-33, August.
    2. Conceição de Maria Sales da Silva & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Marcelo Costa Santos & Hélio da Silva Almeida & Maja Schultze & Ulf Lüder & Thomas Hoffmann & Nélio Teixeira Machado, 2021. "Process Analysis of Main Organic Compounds Dissolved in Aqueous Phase by Hydrothermal Processing of Açaí ( Euterpe oleraceae , Mart.) Seeds: Influence of Process Temperature, Biomass-to-Water Ratio, a," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-24, September.
    3. Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro & Ana Cláudia Fonseca Baia & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Gabriel de Oliveira Rodrigues & Rafael Lopes e Oliveira & Sergio Duvoisin Junior & Anderson Mathias Perei, 2022. "Investigation of the Adsorption Process of Biochar Açaí ( Euterpea olerácea Mart.) Seeds Produced by Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, August.
    4. Lucas Pinto Bernar & Caio Campos Ferreira & Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa & Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro & Wenderson Gomes dos Santos & Lia Martins Pereira & Anderson Mathias Pereira & Nathalia , 2022. "Catalytic Upgrading of Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Carbon Pellets into Hydrocarbons-like Fuels in a Two-Stage Reactor: Analysis of Hydrocarbons Composition and Physical-Chemistry Prop," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-26, June.
    5. Anzhelika M. Eremeeva & Natalia K. Kondrasheva & Artyom F. Khasanov & Ivan L. Oleynik, 2023. "Environmentally Friendly Diesel Fuel Obtained from Vegetable Raw Materials and Hydrocarbon Crude," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-12, February.
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    1. Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro & Armando Costa Ferreira & Caio Campos Ferreira & Lia Martins Pereira & Marcelo Costa Santos & Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Sílvio, 2024. "Depolymerization of PMMA-Based Dental Resin Scraps on Different Production Scales," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.

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