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Influence of Pre-Chamber Volume, Orifice Diameter and Orifice Number on Performance of Pre-Chamber SI Engine—An Experimental and Numerical Study

Author

Listed:
  • Rudolf Tomić

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Momir Sjerić

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Josip Krajnović

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Sara Ugrinić

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia)

Abstract

This paper presented an experimental and numerical study of pre-chamber volume, number of orifices and orifice diameter influence on engine performance and emissions. All the measurements were performed on a single cylinder test engine at fixed engine speed of 1600 rpm, while engine load was varied by a change of the excess air ratio in the main chamber from a stochiometric mixture to a lean limit. The total of nine pre-chamber variants comprised three different pre-chamber volumes, two orifice number combinations (six and four orifices) and nine different orifice diameters. It was observed that the pre-chamber volume affects the indicated efficiency in a trend which is mostly independent of excess air ratio, with the efficiency gain between the best and worst results ranging from 1 to 4.4%. While keeping the same pre-chamber volume and the total cross-sectional area of the orifices, the larger number of orifices show better performance on two out of three investigated pre-chamber volumes, with the efficiency gains more pronounced at higher excess air ratios. Finally, on a fixed pre-chamber volume and number of orifices, the variation of orifice diameter leads to a trend in efficiency gains which favor larger orifice diameter. The comparison of the obtained efficiencies between all pre-chamber variants identified two pre-chambers, differing in each of the varied geometrical parameters, that show the best performance depending on excess air ratio range. On the other hand, a single variant which showed the worst performance on each excess ratio was identified. An additional investigation was performed by the application of the cycle-simulation model to quantify the share of emissions which are formed in the pre-chamber. The presented results showed that when PC volume is lowered, PC emission shares of NO X and CO grow larger. The influence of orifice number and size has a minor effect on the pre-chamber emissions shares. The maximum PC emission shares of 54.8% and 80.6% are achieved at lean limit (λ = 2.2) for NO X and CO, respectively. THC emission share, on the other hand, is not affected in a significant manner by either the pre-chamber geometry or operating conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Rudolf Tomić & Momir Sjerić & Josip Krajnović & Sara Ugrinić, 2023. "Influence of Pre-Chamber Volume, Orifice Diameter and Orifice Number on Performance of Pre-Chamber SI Engine—An Experimental and Numerical Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:6:p:2884-:d:1102829
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jiaying Pan & Yu He & Tao Li & Haiqiao Wei & Lei Wang & Gequn Shu, 2021. "Effect of Temperature Conditions on Flame Evolutions of Turbulent Jet Ignition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Viktor Dilber & Momir Sjerić & Rudolf Tomić & Josip Krajnović & Sara Ugrinić & Darko Kozarac, 2022. "Optimization of Pre-Chamber Geometry and Operating Parameters in a Turbulent Jet Ignition Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Onofrio, Gessica & Napolitano, Pierpaolo & Tunestål, Per & Beatrice, Carlo, 2021. "Combustion sensitivity to the nozzle hole size in an active pre-chamber ultra-lean heavy-duty natural gas engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
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