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Combustion sensitivity to the nozzle hole size in an active pre-chamber ultra-lean heavy-duty natural gas engine

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  • Onofrio, Gessica
  • Napolitano, Pierpaolo
  • Tunestål, Per
  • Beatrice, Carlo

Abstract

Active pre-chamber configurations are considered a valuable solution for improving the operation of the internal combustion engine, in the view to overcome the many challenges it has been made to face. Combining this technology with the use of natural gas, a fuel that has increasing availability and interest in the market share, it is possible to burn ultra-lean mixtures (with air-to-fuel ratios, λ greater than 1.5) delivering reduced emissions and fuel consumption, without compromising efficiency and stability requirements. In this work three pre-chamber nozzles differing for the orifice diameter were tested in a stationary heavy-duty 6-cylinder engine (originally a compression ignition) converted to work with a single cylinder and spark ignition operated. An extensive test matrix was carried to perform spark timing, global lambda and load target sweeps in order to assess the behaviour of the three nozzles with respect to the changing operating conditions. Analysis of in-cylinder pressure traces and heat release rate have allowed to unveil the characteristics of the combustion phasing starting from the pre-chamber to the development in the main chamber, relating these to the performance of the engine in terms of emissions, efficiency and stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Onofrio, Gessica & Napolitano, Pierpaolo & Tunestål, Per & Beatrice, Carlo, 2021. "Combustion sensitivity to the nozzle hole size in an active pre-chamber ultra-lean heavy-duty natural gas engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:235:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221015462
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121298
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benajes, J. & Novella, R. & Gomez-Soriano, J. & Martinez-Hernandiz, P.J. & Libert, C. & Dabiri, M., 2019. "Evaluation of the passive pre-chamber ignition concept for future high compression ratio turbocharged spark-ignition engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 576-588.
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    1. Viktor Dilber & Momir Sjerić & Rudolf Tomić & Josip Krajnović & Sara Ugrinić & Darko Kozarac, 2022. "Optimization of Pre-Chamber Geometry and Operating Parameters in a Turbulent Jet Ignition Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    2. Rudolf Tomić & Momir Sjerić & Josip Krajnović & Sara Ugrinić, 2023. "Influence of Pre-Chamber Volume, Orifice Diameter and Orifice Number on Performance of Pre-Chamber SI Engine—An Experimental and Numerical Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Wang, Bin & Xie, Fangxi & Hong, Wei & Du, Jiakun & Chen, Hong & Li, Xiaoping, 2023. "Extending ultra-lean burn performance of high compression ratio pre-chamber jet ignition engines based on injection strategy and optimized structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Hu, Junnan & Pei, Yiqiang & An, Yanzhao & Zhao, Deyang & Zhang, Zhiyong & Sun, Jian & Gao, Dingwei, 2023. "Study of active pre-chamber jet flames based on the synergy of airflow with different nozzle swirl angle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    5. Novella, R. & Gomez-Soriano, J. & Barbery, I. & Martinez-Hernandiz, P.J., 2024. "Exploring the passive the pre-chamber ignition concept for spark-ignition engines fueled with natural gas under EGR-diluted conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).

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