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Incorporation of Blockchain Technology for Different Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Prospects, and Challenges

Author

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  • Muhammad Waseem

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
    School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Muhammad Adnan Khan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Arman Goudarzi

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Shah Fahad

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Intisar Ali Sajjad

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Pierluigi Siano

    (Department of Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Smart grid integrates computer, communication, and sensing technologies into existing power grid networks to achieve significant informatization-related advantages. It will provide communication between neighbors, localized management, bidirectional power transfer, and effective demand response. Smart grids (SG) replace conventional grids by integrating various operational measures, including smart automation appliances, smart meters, and renewable energy sources. Regarding energy management and resolving energy issues, SG is one of the most cutting-edge and potentially game-changing innovations. Even still, its complexity suggests that decentralization may provide significant gains. Because of its increasing digitization and interconnectedness, it is also vulnerable to cyber threats. Blockchain, in this sense, is a potential SG paradigm solution that provides several great benefits. Even though blockchains have been widely discussed to decentralize and strengthen smart grid cybersecurity, they have not yet been researched in depth from an application and architectural standpoint. Blockchain-enabled SG applications are the subject of an in-depth research investigation. Electric vehicles (EVs), home automation, energy management systems, etc., are only a few of the many examples that have prompted the proposal of blockchain designs for their respective use cases. Information communication network security is of paramount importance. However, this evolving system raises cybersecurity issues. This paper aims to guide researchers in the right manner so they may build blockchain-based, secure, distributed SG applications in the future. This article also summarizes cybersecurity threats pertaining to smart grids. It starts with a description of a blockchain followed by the blockchain infrastructure, challenges, and solutions for different smart grid applications. A look back at the tried-and-true methods of securing a power grid is offered, and then it discusses the newer and more complex cybersecurity threats to the smart grid. In addition, models of common cyberattacks are presented, and the methods of defense against them are examined.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Waseem & Muhammad Adnan Khan & Arman Goudarzi & Shah Fahad & Intisar Ali Sajjad & Pierluigi Siano, 2023. "Incorporation of Blockchain Technology for Different Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Prospects, and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-29, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:2:p:820-:d:1031706
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Mousa Mohammed Khubrani & Shadab Alam, 2023. "Blockchain-Based Microgrid for Safe and Reliable Power Generation and Distribution: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-34, August.

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