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Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material

Author

Listed:
  • Geraint Sullivan

    (SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK)

  • Chris Griffiths

    (SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK)

  • Eifion Jewell

    (SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK)

  • Justin Searle

    (SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK)

  • Jonathon Elvins

    (SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK)

Abstract

Recent research into thermochemical storage (TCS) materials has highlighted their promising potential for seasonal building heating, through energy capture and release during dehydration and hydration cycling. A common TCS material used throughout this investigation was calcium chloride (CaCl 2 )-impregnated vermiculite-based salt in matrix (SIM). This material was assessed for its robustness during charging and discharging cycles to assess its behavior and in terms of energy stability and chemical stability; the results of which showed consistent volumetric energy density and maximum temperature changes over seven cycles. The calcium SIM did, however, show a decline in leachable Ca content, which was presumed to be a result of stabilization within the vermiculite, and chloride concentration showed little change over the course of the study. Real-time visualization using a high-resolution microscope of calcium SIM particles showed a salt phase change and migration of liquid salt into the valleys of the lamella. A novel cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ) SIM was used to visualize the hydration path across the particle, through distinct color changes depending on hydration state. The results indicated that the topography of the vermiculite played a significant role in the passive hydration modeling.

Suggested Citation

  • Geraint Sullivan & Chris Griffiths & Eifion Jewell & Justin Searle & Jonathon Elvins, 2023. "Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:21:p:7225-:d:1266076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. K. Huang & P. Rowe & C. Chi & V. Sreepal & T. Bohn & K.-G. Zhou & Y. Su & E. Prestat & P. Balakrishna Pillai & C. T. Cherian & A. Michaelides & R. R. Nair, 2020. "Cation-controlled wetting properties of vermiculite membranes and its promise for fouling resistant oil–water separation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Donkers, P.A.J. & Sögütoglu, L.C. & Huinink, H.P. & Fischer, H.R. & Adan, O.C.G., 2017. "A review of salt hydrates for seasonal heat storage in domestic applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 45-68.
    3. Aarts, Joey & van Ravensteijn, Bas & Fischer, Hartmut & Adan, Olaf & Huinink, Henk, 2023. "Polymeric stabilization of salt hydrates for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
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