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Numerical Study on the Combustion Properties of Ammonia/DME and Ammonia/DMM Mixtures

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  • Yuanpu Zhang

    (Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Qian Wang

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Liming Dai

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Ming Zhang

    (Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Chunkan Yu

    (Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engelbert-Arnold-Str. 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

Abstract

Ammonia (NH 3 ) is considered a promising zero-carbon fuel and was extensively studied recently. Mixing high-reactivity oxygenated fuels such as dimethyl ether (DME) or dimethoxymethane (DMM) with ammonia is a realistic approach to overcome the low reactivity of NH 3 . To study the combustion characteristics of NH 3 /DMM and NH 3 /DME mixtures, we constructed a NH 3 /DMM chemical mechanism and tested its accuracy using measured laminar burning velocity (LBV) and ignition delay time (IDT) of both NH 3 /DMM and NH 3 /DME mixtures from the literature. The kinetic analysis of NH 3 /DMM flames using this mechanism reveals that the CH 3 radicals generated from the oxidation of DMM substantially affects the oxidation pathway of NH 3 at an early stage of flame propagation. We investigated the formation of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in NH 3 /DMM and NH 3 /DME flames and little difference can be found in the NO x emissions. Using NH 3 /DMM flames as an example, the peak NO x emissions are located at an equivalence ratio ( φ ) of 0.9 and a DMM fraction of 40% in the conditions studied. Kinetic analysis shows that NO x emission is dominated by NO, which primarily comes from fuel nitrogen of NH 3 . The addition of DMM at 40% significantly promotes the reactive radical pool (e.g., H, O, and OH) while the maintaining a high concentration of NO precursors (e.g., HNO, NO 2, and N 2 O), which results in a high reaction rate of NO formation reaction and subsequently generates the highest NO emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuanpu Zhang & Qian Wang & Liming Dai & Ming Zhang & Chunkan Yu, 2023. "Numerical Study on the Combustion Properties of Ammonia/DME and Ammonia/DMM Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:19:p:6929-:d:1252727
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Issayev, Gani & Giri, Binod Raj & Elbaz, Ayman M. & Shrestha, Krishna P. & Mauss, Fabian & Roberts, William L. & Farooq, Aamir, 2022. "Ignition delay time and laminar flame speed measurements of ammonia blended with dimethyl ether: A promising low carbon fuel blend," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1353-1370.
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    Cited by:

    1. Antonio Chavando & Valter Silva & João Cardoso & Daniela Eusebio, 2024. "Advancements and Challenges of Ammonia as a Sustainable Fuel for the Maritime Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-35, June.

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