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Ignition delay time and laminar flame speed measurements of ammonia blended with dimethyl ether: A promising low carbon fuel blend

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  • Issayev, Gani
  • Giri, Binod Raj
  • Elbaz, Ayman M.
  • Shrestha, Krishna P.
  • Mauss, Fabian
  • Roberts, William L.
  • Farooq, Aamir

Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) has recently received much attention as a promising future fuel for mobility and power generation. The use of ammonia as a fueling vector can help curb global warming by cutting CO2 emissions because it is a carbon-free fuel and a hydrogen carrier with a high percentage of hydrogen atoms per unit volume. Liquid ammonia contains a higher volumetric density of hydrogen than liquid hydrogen. The low reactivity of ammonia, however, hinders its direct usage as a combustible fuel. One feasible way to boost the reactivity of ammonia is to target a dual-fuel system comprising of ammonia and a suitable combustion promoter. In this work, combustion properties of ammonia were investigated by blending it with various proportions of dimethyl ether (DME) using a rapid compression machine (RCM) and a constant volume spherical reactor (CVSR) over a wide range of experimental conditions. DME is a highly reactive fuel that may be produced in a sustainable carbon cycle with a net zero-carbon emission. Ignition delay times (IDTs) of NH3/DME blends were measured over a temperature (T) range of 649–950 K, pressures (P) of 20 and 40 bar, equivalence ratios (Φ) of 0.5 and 1 for a range of DME mole fractions (χDME) of 0.05–0.5 in the blends. In addition, the laminar burning velocities of NH3/DME blends were measured at P = 1, 3 and 5 bar, Φ = 0.8–1.3 and T = 300 K for χDME ranging from 0.18 to 0.47. Our results suggest that DME is a good ignition promoter, resulting in a significant shortening of IDTs and an increase of flame speeds of NH3. A detailed chemical model has been developed and validated against the experimental data. Overall, our kinetic model offered reasonable predictive capabilities capturing the experimental trends over a wide range of conditions. In the worst-case scenario, our model underpredicted IDTs by a factor of ∼2.5 while overpredicting laminar flame speed by ∼20%.

Suggested Citation

  • Issayev, Gani & Giri, Binod Raj & Elbaz, Ayman M. & Shrestha, Krishna P. & Mauss, Fabian & Roberts, William L. & Farooq, Aamir, 2022. "Ignition delay time and laminar flame speed measurements of ammonia blended with dimethyl ether: A promising low carbon fuel blend," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1353-1370.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:181:y:2022:i:c:p:1353-1370
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.117
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    1. Rafael Estevez & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Felipa M. Bautista & Antonio A. Romero & Diego Luna, 2023. "Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH 3 ) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-33, July.
    2. Shi, Guodong & Li, Pengfei & Li, Kesheng & Hu, Fan & Liu, Qian & Zhou, Haoyu & Liu, Zhaohui, 2023. "Insight into NOx formation characteristics of ammonia oxidation in N2 and H2O atmospheres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    3. Cai, Tao & Zhao, Dan & Chan, Siew Hwa & Shahsavari, Mohammad, 2022. "Tailoring reduced mechanisms for predicting flame propagation and ignition characteristics in ammonia and ammonia/hydrogen mixtures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    4. Guo, Liang & Yu, Changyou & Sun, Wanchen & Zhang, Hao & Cheng, Peng & Yan, Yuying & Lin, Shaodian & Zeng, Wenpeng & Zhu, Genan & Jiang, Mengqi, 2024. "Study on effects of ethylene or acetylene addition on the stability of ammonia laminar diffusion flame by optical diagnostics and chemical kinetics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).
    5. Xu, Cangsu & Liu, Weinan & Oppong, Francis & Wang, Qianwen & Sun, Zuo-Yu & Li, Xiaolu, 2022. "Investigations on cellularization instability of 2-ethylfuran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 447-458.
    6. Kumar, Laveet & Sleiti, Ahmad K., 2024. "Systematic review on ammonia as a sustainable fuel for combustion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    7. Yuanpu Zhang & Qian Wang & Liming Dai & Ming Zhang & Chunkan Yu, 2023. "Numerical Study on the Combustion Properties of Ammonia/DME and Ammonia/DMM Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-18, October.
    8. Binod Raj Giri & Krishna Prasad Shrestha & Tam V.-T. Mai & Sushant Giri & Mohammad Adil & R. Thirumaleswara Naik & Fabian Mauss & Lam Kim Huynh, 2023. "A Theoretical Study of NH 2 Radical Reactions with Propane and Its Kinetic Implications in NH 3 -Propane Blends’ Oxidation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-19, August.

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