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Impact of the KKL Correlation Model on the Activation of Thermal Energy for the Hybrid Nanofluid (GO+ZnO+Water) Flow through Permeable Vertically Rotating Surface

Author

Listed:
  • Doaa Rizk

    (Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Al-Asyah 52571, Saudi Arabia)

  • Asad Ullah

    (Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan)

  • Ikramullah

    (Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan)

  • Samia Elattar

    (Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammad Sohail

    (Department of Physics, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan)

  • Rajwali Khan

    (Department of Physics, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan)

  • Alamzeb Khan

    (Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA)

  • Nabil Mlaiki

    (Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The thermal energy transfer characteristics during hybrid nanofluid migration are studied in the presence of a variable magnetic field, heat source, and radiation. The flow is governed by the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy, whereas it is modeled by the coupled set of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Suitable similarity transformations are employed to convert the developed set of PDEs to a nonlinear system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The simplified system of ODEs is solved by using the well-established analytical procedure of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of varying the strength of the physical parameters on the thermal energy transfer during hybrid nanofluid motion between two plates in which one of the plate is porous, rotating, as well as stretching are investigated through tables and two-dimensional graphs. The porosity is modeled through the Koo–Kleinstreuer model (KKL) correlation. The analysis reveals that the skin friction and Nusselt number augment with the increasing strength of the magnetic field and nanomaterials’ concentrations. The gradient in the fluid velocity has a dual dependence on the strength of the applied magnetic field and Grashof number and drops with the higher values of the unsteadiness parameter. The fluid velocity constricts with the enhancing magnetic field due to higher Lorentz forces, and it also drops with the increasing rotation rate. The enhancing buoyancy associated with higher Grashof number values augments the fluid velocity. The fluid’s temperature rises with the augmenting nanomaterial concentrations, Eckert number, nonsteadiness, heat source strength, and radiation parameter, while it drops with the higher Grashof number and Prandtl number. The applied technique of the HAM shows good convergence over a wide range of the convergent parameter. This work has potential applications in the development of efficient thermal energy transfer systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Doaa Rizk & Asad Ullah & Ikramullah & Samia Elattar & Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi & Mohammad Sohail & Rajwali Khan & Alamzeb Khan & Nabil Mlaiki, 2022. "Impact of the KKL Correlation Model on the Activation of Thermal Energy for the Hybrid Nanofluid (GO+ZnO+Water) Flow through Permeable Vertically Rotating Surface," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:8:p:2872-:d:793703
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ebrahimi, Amin & Rikhtegar, Farhad & Sabaghan, Amin & Roohi, Ehsan, 2016. "Heat transfer and entropy generation in a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators using nanofluids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 190-201.
    2. Khanafer, Khalil & Vafai, Kambiz, 2018. "A review on the applications of nanofluids in solar energy field," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 398-406.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Muhammad Shoaib Arif & Wasfi Shatanawi & Yasir Nawaz, 2023. "Modified Finite Element Study for Heat and Mass Transfer of Electrical MHD Non-Newtonian Boundary Layer Nanofluid Flow," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Iskandar Waini & Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie & Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim & Nurul Amira Zainal & Khairum Bin Hamzah & Norihan Md Arifin & Ioan Pop, 2022. "Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Flow of Hybrid Ferrofluid Due to a Rotating Disk," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Asad Ullah & Nahid Fatima & Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi & Samia Elattar & Ikramullah & Waris Khan, 2023. "A Numerical Analysis of the Hybrid Nanofluid (Ag+TiO 2 +Water) Flow in the Presence of Heat and Radiation Fluxes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, January.
    5. Muhammad Shoaib Arif & Wasfi Shatanawi & Yasir Nawaz, 2023. "Finite Element Study of Electrical MHD Williamson Nanofluid Flow under the Effects of Frictional Heating in the View of Viscous Dissipation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.

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