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Cuckoo Search Combined with PID Controller for Maximum Power Extraction of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic System

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  • Ibrahim Al-Wesabi

    (School of Automation, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, Wuhan 430074, China
    Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Zhijian Fang

    (School of Automation, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, Wuhan 430074, China
    Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Hassan M. Hussein Farh

    (Department of Building and Real Estate, Faculty of Construction and Environment, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China)

  • Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a

    (Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan

    (Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Tarek Kandil

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA)

  • Min Ding

    (School of Automation, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, Wuhan 430074, China
    Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

In the case of partial shading conditions (PSCs), normal equations cannot be completely implemented. The mathematical model of the Photovoltaic (PV) array needs to be modified and re-established with the existence of bypass diodes connected to the PV module, which can alleviate the negative effects of the PSCs and generate several peaks on the PV output characteristics curve. The first aim of this study is to modify and re-establish the mathematical model of the PV array under PSCs. Second, it aims to improve and validate the reliable Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) by integrating it with PID (hybrid CSA-PID) to diminish the impact of PSCs problems. The hybrid CSA-PID was proposed to both track the global maximum power point (GMPP) of PV systems and reduce the tracking time to eliminate the fluctuations around the GMPP. Further, the PID controller was used to eliminate the error percentage obtained by CSA under PSCs to generate the required duty cycle, which provides the required and desired maximum voltage accordingly. The proposed CSA-PID technique has been implemented using both Matlab/Simulink and Hardware-In-Loop experiments on the MT real-time control platform NI PXIE-1071. For validation, the Hybrid CSA-PID method is evaluated and compared with CSA, modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO), PSO, and modified perturb and observe (MP&O) methods under similar conditions. Finally, the obtained findings demonstrated the efficacy and superiority of the proposed hybrid CSA-PID technique, demonstrating its resilience, fast reaction, and good performance in terms of tracking time and GMPP tracking.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibrahim Al-Wesabi & Zhijian Fang & Hassan M. Hussein Farh & Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a & Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan & Tarek Kandil & Min Ding, 2022. "Cuckoo Search Combined with PID Controller for Maximum Power Extraction of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-26, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:2513-:d:782471
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Rasoul Rahmani & Aman Maung Than Oo & Alex Stojcevski, 2016. "Efficient Photovoltaic System Maximum Power Point Tracking Using a New Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Kakosimos, Panagiotis E. & Kladas, Antonios G., 2011. "Implementation of photovoltaic array MPPT through fixed step predictive control technique," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2508-2514.
    3. Yu-Pei Huang & Cheng-En Ye & Xiang Chen, 2018. "A Modified Firefly Algorithm with Rapid Response Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-33, August.
    4. Tehzeeb-ul Hassan & Rabeh Abbassi & Houssem Jerbi & Kashif Mehmood & Muhammad Faizan Tahir & Khalid Mehmood Cheema & Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & Farman Ali & Irfan Ahmad Khan, 2020. "A Novel Algorithm for MPPT of an Isolated PV System Using Push Pull Converter with Fuzzy Logic Controller," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-20, August.
    5. Mohammadmehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Saad Mekhilef & Rasoul Rahmani & Rubiyah Yusof & Ehsan Taslimi Renani, 2013. "Analytical Modeling of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-17, January.
    6. Ahmed, Jubaer & Salam, Zainal, 2014. "A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for PV system using Cuckoo Search with partial shading capability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 118-130.
    7. Fahd A. Alturki & Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a & Hassan M. H. Farh, 2020. "Simulations and dSPACE Real-Time Implementation of Photovoltaic Global Maximum Power Extraction under Partial Shading," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-16, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandro Ortiz & Efrain Mendez & Israel Macias & Arturo Molina, 2022. "Earthquake Algorithm-Based Voltage Referenced MPPT Implementation through a Standardized Validation Frame," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-24, November.
    2. Sy Ngo & Chian-Song Chiu & Thanh-Dong Ngo, 2022. "A Novel Horse Racing Algorithm Based MPPT Control for Standalone PV Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Zahra Bel Hadj Salah & Saber Krim & Mohamed Ali Hajjaji & Badr M. Alshammari & Khalid Alqunun & Ahmed Alzamil & Tawfik Guesmi, 2023. "A New Efficient Cuckoo Search MPPT Algorithm Based on a Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller for Partially Shaded Standalone Photovoltaic System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-38, June.
    4. Burhan U Din Abdullah & Suman Lata & Shiva Pujan Jaiswal & Vikas Singh Bhadoria & Georgios Fotis & Athanasios Santas & Lambros Ekonomou, 2023. "A Hybrid Artificial Ecosystem Optimizer and Incremental-Conductance Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking-Controlled Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.
    5. Galal Al-Muthanna & Shuhua Fang & Ibrahim AL-Wesabi & Khaled Ameur & Hossam Kotb & Kareem M. AboRas & Hassan Z. Al Garni & Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud, 2023. "A High Speed MPPT Control Utilizing a Hybrid PSO-PID Controller under Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Battery Chargers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-28, February.

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