IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i6p2203-d773482.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Economic Aspects for Recycling of Used Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Cecília Costa Lima

    (Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororó Moura—ITEMM, Recife 51020-280, PE, Brazil)

  • Luana Pereira Pontes

    (Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororó Moura—ITEMM, Recife 51020-280, PE, Brazil)

  • Andrea Sarmento Maia Vasconcelos

    (Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororó Moura—ITEMM, Recife 51020-280, PE, Brazil)

  • Washington de Araujo Silva Junior

    (Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororó Moura—ITEMM, Recife 51020-280, PE, Brazil)

  • Kunlin Wu

    (Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz—CPFL, Campinas 13087-397, SP, Brazil)

Abstract

Worldwide, there has been an exponential growth in the production and application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by the energy transition and the electric vehicle market. The scarcity of raw materials and the circular economy strategy of LIBs encourage the need to reuse components, recycle, and give second life to used batteries. However, one of the obstacles is the insufficient volume of LIBs for recycling, which prevents the economic viability of this industrial process. Thus, this article mainly focuses on the economic aspects of the recycling of LIBs, presenting and analyzing: (i) the advantages and disadvantages of recycling and (ii) a survey of factors that influence the cost and economic feasibility of disposing of batteries. The importance of regulations, the market, and business models regarding the recycling of LIBs in a few countries are also discussed. Finally, a business model is created for recycling LIBs in Brazil. The main factors that influence the economic feasibility of this process are indicated, such as government incentives through regulation, exemption from fees and taxes, and the adequacy of battery technology. Encouraging recycling through tax exemptions or reductions can make the process more economically viable, in addition to contributing to the circular economy. Another essential factor to be considered is the creation of joint ventures, which can facilitate the entire chain of the circular economy, including logistics, transport, and disposal of batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Cecília Costa Lima & Luana Pereira Pontes & Andrea Sarmento Maia Vasconcelos & Washington de Araujo Silva Junior & Kunlin Wu, 2022. "Economic Aspects for Recycling of Used Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:6:p:2203-:d:773482
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/6/2203/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/6/2203/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gavin Harper & Roberto Sommerville & Emma Kendrick & Laura Driscoll & Peter Slater & Rustam Stolkin & Allan Walton & Paul Christensen & Oliver Heidrich & Simon Lambert & Andrew Abbott & Karl Ryder & L, 2019. "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles," Nature, Nature, vol. 575(7781), pages 75-86, November.
    2. Peters, Jens F. & Baumann, Manuel & Zimmermann, Benedikt & Braun, Jessica & Weil, Marcel, 2017. "The environmental impact of Li-Ion batteries and the role of key parameters – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 491-506.
    3. Yash Kotak & Carlos Marchante Fernández & Lluc Canals Casals & Bhavya Satishbhai Kotak & Daniel Koch & Christian Geisbauer & Lluís Trilla & Alberto Gómez-Núñez & Hans-Georg Schweiger, 2021. "End of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Reuse vs. Recycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Luana Pontes & Tatiane Costa & Amanda Souza & Nicolau Dantas & Andrea Vasconcelos & Guilherme Rissi & Roberto Dias & Mohamed A. Mohamed & Pierluigi Siano & Manoel Marinho, 2023. "Operational Data Analysis of a Battery Energy Storage System to Support Wind Energy Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Tena Bujas & Marija Koričan & Manuela Vukić & Vladimir Soldo & Nikola Vladimir & Ailong Fan, 2022. "Review of Energy Consumption by the Fish Farming and Processing Industry in Croatia and the Potential for Zero-Emissions Aquaculture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-26, November.
    3. Bianca Ifeoma Chigbu & Ikechukwu Umejesi, 2024. "Unlocking Economic and Environmental Gains Through Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling for Electric Vehicles," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Ashwani Kumar Malviya & Mehdi Zarehparast Malekzadeh & Francisco Enrique Santarremigia & Gemma Dolores Molero & Ignacio Villalba Sanchis & Pablo Martínez Fernández & Víctor Yepes, 2024. "Optimization of Life Cycle Cost and Environmental Impact Functions of NiZn Batteries by Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-28, July.
    5. Ashwani Kumar Malviya & Mehdi Zarehparast Malekzadeh & Francisco Enrique Santarremigia & Gemma Dolores Molero & Ignacio Villalba-Sanchis & Victor Yepes, 2024. "A Formulation Model for Computations to Estimate the Lifecycle Cost of NiZn Batteries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-22, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Christensen, Paul A. & Anderson, Paul A. & Harper, Gavin D.J. & Lambert, Simon M. & Mrozik, Wojciech & Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali & Wise, Malcolm S. & Heidrich, Oliver, 2021. "Risk management over the life cycle of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    2. Jay N. Meegoda & Sarvagna Malladi & Isabel C. Zayas, 2022. "End-of-Life Management of Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries in the United States," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Oda, Hiromu & Noguchi, Hiroki & Fuse, Masaaki, 2022. "Review of life cycle assessment for automobiles: A meta-analysis-based approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    4. Kakodkar, R. & He, G. & Demirhan, C.D. & Arbabzadeh, M. & Baratsas, S.G. & Avraamidou, S. & Mallapragada, D. & Miller, I. & Allen, R.C. & Gençer, E. & Pistikopoulos, E.N., 2022. "A review of analytical and optimization methodologies for transitions in multi-scale energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    5. Bertha Maya Sopha & Dwi Megah Purnamasari & Sholeh Ma’mun, 2022. "Barriers and Enablers of Circular Economy Implementation for Electric-Vehicle Batteries: From Systematic Literature Review to Conceptual Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-23, May.
    6. Gutsch, Moritz & Leker, Jens, 2024. "Costs, carbon footprint, and environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries – From cathode active material synthesis to cell manufacturing and recycling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    7. Desreveaux, A. & Bouscayrol, A. & Trigui, R. & Hittinger, E. & Castex, E. & Sirbu, G.M., 2023. "Accurate energy consumption for comparison of climate change impact of thermal and electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    8. Gu, Xubo & Bai, Hanyu & Cui, Xiaofan & Zhu, Juner & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Zhaojian & Hu, Xiaosong & Song, Ziyou, 2024. "Challenges and opportunities for second-life batteries: Key technologies and economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    9. Piotr Krawczyk & Anna Śliwińska, 2020. "Eco-Efficiency Assessment of the Application of Large-Scale Rechargeable Batteries in a Coal-Fired Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, March.
    10. Kılkış, Şiir & Ulpiani, Giulia & Vetters, Nadja, 2024. "Visions for climate neutrality and opportunities for co-learning in European cities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    11. Shahjalal, Mohammad & Roy, Probir Kumar & Shams, Tamanna & Fly, Ashley & Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Ahmed, Md. Rishad & Liu, Kailong, 2022. "A review on second-life of Li-ion batteries: prospects, challenges, and issues," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    12. Mattia Rapa & Laura Gobbi & Roberto Ruggieri, 2020. "Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Electric Vehicles: Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing Evaluation of Electricity Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-16, November.
    13. Fatmawati Fatmawati & Nuryanti Mustari & Haerana Haerana & Risma Niswaty & Abdillah Abdillah, 2022. "Waste Bank Policy Implementation through Collaborative Approach: Comparative Study—Makassar and Bantaeng, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    14. Andrzej Pacana & Dominika Siwiec & Robert Ulewicz & Malgorzata Ulewicz, 2024. "A Novelty Model Employing the Quality Life Cycle Assessment (QLCA) Indicator and Frameworks for Selecting Qualitative and Environmental Aspects for Sustainable Product Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-24, September.
    15. Cox, Brian & Bauer, Christian & Mendoza Beltran, Angelica & van Vuuren, Detlef P. & Mutel, Christopher L., 2020. "Life cycle environmental and cost comparison of current and future passenger cars under different energy scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    16. D'Adamo, Idiano & Gastaldi, Massimo & Morone, Piergiuseppe & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2022. "Economics and policy implications of residential photovoltaic systems in Italy's developed market," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    17. Lybbert, M. & Ghaemi, Z. & Balaji, A.K. & Warren, R., 2021. "Integrating life cycle assessment and electrochemical modeling to study the effects of cell design and operating conditions on the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    18. Arjun K. Thapa & Abhinav C. Nouduri & Mohammed Mohiuddin & Hari Prasad Reddy Kannapu & Lihui Bai & Hui Wang & Mahendra K. Sunkara, 2024. "Recycling and Reuse of Mn-Based Spinel Electrode from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-13, August.
    19. Claudiu Vasile Kifor & Niculina Alexandra Grigore, 2023. "Circular Economy Approaches for Electrical and Conventional Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-28, April.
    20. Ringkjøb, Hans-Kristian & Haugan, Peter M. & Nybø, Astrid, 2020. "Transitioning remote Arctic settlements to renewable energy systems – A modelling study of Longyearbyen, Svalbard," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:6:p:2203-:d:773482. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.