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Economic Aspects for Recycling of Used Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles

Author

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  • Maria Cecília Costa Lima

    (Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororó Moura—ITEMM, Recife 51020-280, PE, Brazil)

  • Luana Pereira Pontes

    (Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororó Moura—ITEMM, Recife 51020-280, PE, Brazil)

  • Andrea Sarmento Maia Vasconcelos

    (Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororó Moura—ITEMM, Recife 51020-280, PE, Brazil)

  • Washington de Araujo Silva Junior

    (Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororó Moura—ITEMM, Recife 51020-280, PE, Brazil)

  • Kunlin Wu

    (Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz—CPFL, Campinas 13087-397, SP, Brazil)

Abstract

Worldwide, there has been an exponential growth in the production and application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by the energy transition and the electric vehicle market. The scarcity of raw materials and the circular economy strategy of LIBs encourage the need to reuse components, recycle, and give second life to used batteries. However, one of the obstacles is the insufficient volume of LIBs for recycling, which prevents the economic viability of this industrial process. Thus, this article mainly focuses on the economic aspects of the recycling of LIBs, presenting and analyzing: (i) the advantages and disadvantages of recycling and (ii) a survey of factors that influence the cost and economic feasibility of disposing of batteries. The importance of regulations, the market, and business models regarding the recycling of LIBs in a few countries are also discussed. Finally, a business model is created for recycling LIBs in Brazil. The main factors that influence the economic feasibility of this process are indicated, such as government incentives through regulation, exemption from fees and taxes, and the adequacy of battery technology. Encouraging recycling through tax exemptions or reductions can make the process more economically viable, in addition to contributing to the circular economy. Another essential factor to be considered is the creation of joint ventures, which can facilitate the entire chain of the circular economy, including logistics, transport, and disposal of batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Cecília Costa Lima & Luana Pereira Pontes & Andrea Sarmento Maia Vasconcelos & Washington de Araujo Silva Junior & Kunlin Wu, 2022. "Economic Aspects for Recycling of Used Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:6:p:2203-:d:773482
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    1. Gavin Harper & Roberto Sommerville & Emma Kendrick & Laura Driscoll & Peter Slater & Rustam Stolkin & Allan Walton & Paul Christensen & Oliver Heidrich & Simon Lambert & Andrew Abbott & Karl Ryder & L, 2019. "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles," Nature, Nature, vol. 575(7781), pages 75-86, November.
    2. Peters, Jens F. & Baumann, Manuel & Zimmermann, Benedikt & Braun, Jessica & Weil, Marcel, 2017. "The environmental impact of Li-Ion batteries and the role of key parameters – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 491-506.
    3. Yash Kotak & Carlos Marchante Fernández & Lluc Canals Casals & Bhavya Satishbhai Kotak & Daniel Koch & Christian Geisbauer & Lluís Trilla & Alberto Gómez-Núñez & Hans-Georg Schweiger, 2021. "End of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Reuse vs. Recycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
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    1. Luana Pontes & Tatiane Costa & Amanda Souza & Nicolau Dantas & Andrea Vasconcelos & Guilherme Rissi & Roberto Dias & Mohamed A. Mohamed & Pierluigi Siano & Manoel Marinho, 2023. "Operational Data Analysis of a Battery Energy Storage System to Support Wind Energy Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, February.
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    3. Bianca Ifeoma Chigbu & Ikechukwu Umejesi, 2024. "Unlocking Economic and Environmental Gains Through Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling for Electric Vehicles," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Ashwani Kumar Malviya & Mehdi Zarehparast Malekzadeh & Francisco Enrique Santarremigia & Gemma Dolores Molero & Ignacio Villalba Sanchis & Pablo Martínez Fernández & Víctor Yepes, 2024. "Optimization of Life Cycle Cost and Environmental Impact Functions of NiZn Batteries by Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-28, July.
    5. Ashwani Kumar Malviya & Mehdi Zarehparast Malekzadeh & Francisco Enrique Santarremigia & Gemma Dolores Molero & Ignacio Villalba-Sanchis & Victor Yepes, 2024. "A Formulation Model for Computations to Estimate the Lifecycle Cost of NiZn Batteries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-22, February.

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