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Formation of an Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: Materials Based on Selected Polymers (PUR)

Author

Listed:
  • Paweł Wolny

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Norbert Tuśnio

    (Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, The Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Artur Lewandowski

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Filip Mikołajczyk

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Sławomir Kuberski

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

Polyurethanes (PURs) are a group of polymers with the most versatile properties and the broadest spectrum of application. Their name comes from the urethane group. PURs were introduced to the market on a large-scale basis by Bayer in 1942, in the form of Perlon U and Igamid U fibers produced by gradual polyaddition of diisocyanates and polyols. The development of PURs-production technology and the multitude of applications resulted in their widespread use. This group is so extensive that polyurethanes alone accounted for about 6% of the global production of polymers (2019)—most of them in the form of foam. Therefore, polyurethane can be found in a huge number of products—some of them stored in the vicinity of ammonium nitrate (AN). In the previous two articles, we showed that polymers and AN—stored within the same building—in fire conditions may, under certain circumstances, spontaneously transform into a material of explosive properties. The aim of this article is to check whether PUR, when in contact with AN, creates additional hazards, similarly to the previously tested polymers.

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Artur Lewandowski & Filip Mikołajczyk & Sławomir Kuberski, 2022. "Formation of an Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: Materials Based on Selected Polymers (PUR)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:5:p:1674-:d:756993
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Artur Lewandowski & Filip Mikołajczyk & Sławomir Kuberski, 2021. "Self-Acting Formation of an ANFO Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Robert Adamski & Dorota Siuta & Bożena Kukfisz & Michał Frydrysiak & Mirosława Prochoń, 2021. "Integration of Safety Aspects in Modeling of Superheated Steam Flash Drying of Tobacco," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    3. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Artur Lewandowski & Filip Mikołajczyk & Sławomir Kuberski, 2022. "Formation of ANFO Analogues under Fire Conditions in the Presence of Common Plastics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Suzana Gotovac Atlagic & Andrzej Biessikirski & Łukasz Kuterasiński & Michał Dworzak & Michał Twardosz & Niki Sorogas & John Arvanitidis, 2020. "On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-13, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Filip Mikołajczyk, 2022. "Explosion Risks during Firefighting Operations in Storage Rooms and the Transport of Ammonium Nitrate-Based Fertilizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-18, July.

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