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Formation of ANFO Analogues under Fire Conditions in the Presence of Common Plastics

Author

Listed:
  • Paweł Wolny

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Norbert Tuśnio

    (Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, The Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Artur Lewandowski

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Filip Mikołajczyk

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Sławomir Kuberski

    (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

This article is a continuation of a case study in which we presented the results of research on processes generated under fire conditions by mixing molten ammonium nitrate (AN) with selected polymers. Here, we present an analysis of how certain materials, which may frequently appear in farm buildings and are commonly used in the immediate vicinity of humans, can potentially form explosives. The chosen materials include polyamides (PA) from which the wear-resistant machine elements are made (e.g., high-performance gears, wheels of transport trolleys); polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used, i.e., in construction carpentry, electrical insulation, and hydraulic pipes; polystyrene (PS) used, i.e., in insulation and containers; and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), i.e., so-called organic glass and plexiglass. The research results showed that these seemingly harmless and safe materials, mixed with AN and heated under fire conditions, may turn into explosives and stimulate stored AN. This creates significant risks of an uncontrolled fire progress.

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Artur Lewandowski & Filip Mikołajczyk & Sławomir Kuberski, 2022. "Formation of ANFO Analogues under Fire Conditions in the Presence of Common Plastics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:476-:d:721614
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Artur Lewandowski & Filip Mikołajczyk & Sławomir Kuberski, 2021. "Self-Acting Formation of an ANFO Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-10, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Filip Mikołajczyk, 2022. "Explosion Risks during Firefighting Operations in Storage Rooms and the Transport of Ammonium Nitrate-Based Fertilizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Artur Lewandowski & Filip Mikołajczyk & Sławomir Kuberski, 2022. "Formation of an Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: Materials Based on Selected Polymers (PUR)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.

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    1. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Artur Lewandowski & Filip Mikołajczyk & Sławomir Kuberski, 2022. "Formation of an Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: Materials Based on Selected Polymers (PUR)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Filip Mikołajczyk, 2022. "Explosion Risks during Firefighting Operations in Storage Rooms and the Transport of Ammonium Nitrate-Based Fertilizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-18, July.

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