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Applications, Operational Architectures and Development of Virtual Power Plants as a Strategy to Facilitate the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

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  • Juan C. Sarmiento-Vintimilla

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Esther Torres

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Dunixe Marene Larruskain

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain)

  • María José Pérez-Molina

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain)

Abstract

In this article, we focus on the development and scope of virtual power plants (VPPs) as a strategy to facilitate the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power system. Firstly, the concepts about VPPs and their scope and limitations are introduced. Secondly, smart management systems for the integration of DERs are considered and a scheme of DER management through a bottom-up strategy is proposed. Then, we analyze the coordination of VPPs with the system operators and their commercial integration in the electricity markets. Finally, the challenges that must be overcome to achieve the large-scale implementation of VPPs in the power system are identified and discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan C. Sarmiento-Vintimilla & Esther Torres & Dunixe Marene Larruskain & María José Pérez-Molina, 2022. "Applications, Operational Architectures and Development of Virtual Power Plants as a Strategy to Facilitate the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:3:p:775-:d:730228
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Konstantinos Oureilidis & Kyriaki-Nefeli Malamaki & Konstantinos Gallos & Achilleas Tsitsimelis & Christos Dikaiakos & Spyros Gkavanoudis & Milos Cvetkovic & Juan Manuel Mauricio & Jose Maria Maza Ort, 2020. "Ancillary Services Market Design in Distribution Networks: Review and Identification of Barriers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-44, February.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Comden, Joshua & Wang, Jing & Bernstein, Andrey, 2023. "Adaptive primal–dual control for distributed energy resource management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    2. Hui Sun & Yanan Dou & Shubo Hu & Zhengnan Gao & Zhonghui Wang & Peng Yuan, 2023. "Day-Ahead Bidding Strategy of a Virtual Power Plant with Multi-Level Electric Energy Interaction in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-27, September.
    3. Zhao, Kaifang & Qiu, Kai & Yan, Jian & Shaker, Mir Pasha, 2023. "Technical and economic operation of VPPs based on competitive bi–level negotiations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Lau, Jat-Syu & Jiang, Yihuo & Li, Ziyuan & Qian, Qian, 2023. "Stochastic trading of storage systems in short term electricity markets considering intraday demand response market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    5. Itxaso Aranzabal & Julen Gomez-Cornejo & Iraide López & Ander Zubiria & Javier Mazón & Ane Feijoo-Arostegui & Haizea Gaztañaga, 2023. "Optimal Management of an Energy Community with PV and Battery-Energy-Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-23, January.
    6. Bianca Goia & Tudor Cioara & Ionut Anghel, 2022. "Virtual Power Plant Optimization in Smart Grids: A Narrative Review," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, April.
    7. Lucas Feksa Ramos & Luciane Neves Canha & Josue Campos do Prado & Leonardo Rodrigues Araujo Xavier de Menezes, 2022. "A Novel Virtual Power Plant Uncertainty Modeling Framework Using Unscented Transform," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    8. Elias Carayannis & Pantelis Kostis & Hasan Dinçer & Serhat Yüksel, 2022. "Balanced-Scorecard-Based Evaluation of Knowledge-Oriented Competencies of Distributed Energy Investments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-23, November.

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