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Enhanced nZEB concept incorporating a sustainable Grid Support Scheme

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  • Kotarela, F.
  • Kyritsis, A.
  • Papanikolaou, N.
  • Kalogirou, S.A.

Abstract

The building sector in Europe represents a large amount of the total energy consumption. European Union policies urge energy management systems installation in buildings, to achieve the nZEB targets and mitigate the climate change. Except for renewable energy sources, the incorporation of energy storage units (ESUs) is of major importance for building energy management, in order to increase self-consumption levels. The present work contributes to the mass installation of ESUs in building sector, as a tool to provide flexibility in the distributed production of energy. This concept is an enhanced version of nZEBs that is able to compete in the Electricity Market, and to contribute to the reliability and flexibility of the electricity grid as an alternative to centralized ESUs investments. In this context, the present work proposes a new type of grid ancillary services for building sector and a novel Grid Support Scheme (GSS) that considers both the energy fluctuations of the available energy in the ESU as well as the energy transactions with the grid. The proposed GSS model concludes to a pricing policy relying on the Value of Lost Load (VoLL), in order that the proposed grid support investment becomes sustainable. The validation of the GSS is performed by means of Life Cycle Cost Assessment.

Suggested Citation

  • Kotarela, F. & Kyritsis, A. & Papanikolaou, N. & Kalogirou, S.A., 2021. "Enhanced nZEB concept incorporating a sustainable Grid Support Scheme," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 714-725.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:169:y:2021:i:c:p:714-725
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.050
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Yanxue & Zhang, Xiaoyi & Gao, Weijun & Xu, Wenya & Wang, Zixuan, 2022. "Operational performance and grid-support assessment of distributed flexibility practices among residential prosumers under high PV penetration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    2. Kotarela, Faidra & Kyritsis, Anastasios & Agathokleous, Rafaela & Papanikolaou, Nick, 2023. "On the exploitation of dynamic simulations for the design of buildings energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    3. Toro-Cárdenas, Mateo & Moreira, Inês & Morais, Hugo & Carvalho, Pedro M.S. & Ferreira, Luis A.F.M., 2023. "Net load disaggregation at secondary substation level," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 765-771.
    4. Rajan, P. & Jeevananthan, S., 2021. "An adjustable gain three port converter for battery and grid integration in remote location microgrid systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1404-1423.

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