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Integrated Structural Dependence and Stochastic Dependence for Opportunistic Maintenance of Wind Turbines by Considering Carbon Emissions

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  • Qinming Liu

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Zhinan Li

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Tangbin Xia

    (State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Minchih Hsieh

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China)

  • Jiaxiang Li

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China)

Abstract

Wind turbines have a wide range of applications as the main equipment for wind-power generation because of the rapid development of technology. It is very important to select a reasonable maintenance strategy to reduce the operation and maintenance costs of wind turbines. Traditional maintenance does not consider the environmental benefits. Thus, for the maintenance problems of wind turbines, an opportunistic maintenance strategy that considers structural correlations, random correlations, and carbon emissions is proposed. First, a Weibull distribution is used to describe the deterioration trend of wind turbine subsystems. The failure rates and reliability of wind turbines are described by the random correlations among all subsystems. Meanwhile, two improvement factors are introduced into the failure rate and carbon emission model to describe imperfect maintenance, including the working-age fallback factor and the failure rate increasing factor. Then, the total expected maintenance cost can be described as the objective function for the proposed opportunistic maintenance model, including the maintenance preparation cost, maintenance adjustment cost, shutdown loss cost, and operation cost. The maintenance preparation cost is related to the economic correlation, and the maintenance adjustment cost is described by using the maintenance probabilities under different maintenance activities. The shutdown loss cost is obtained by considering the structural correlation, and the operation cost is related to the energy consumption of wind turbines. Finally, a case study is provided to analyze the performance of the proposed model. The obtained optimal opportunistic maintenance duration can be used to interpret the structural correlation coefficient, random correlation coefficient, and sensitivity of carbon emissions. Compared with preventive maintenance, the proposed model provides better performance for the maintenance problems of wind turbines and can obtain relatively good solutions in a short computation time.

Suggested Citation

  • Qinming Liu & Zhinan Li & Tangbin Xia & Minchih Hsieh & Jiaxiang Li, 2022. "Integrated Structural Dependence and Stochastic Dependence for Opportunistic Maintenance of Wind Turbines by Considering Carbon Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:625-:d:726185
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lin, Boliang & Wu, Jianping & Lin, Ruixi & Wang, Jiaxi & Wang, Hui & Zhang, Xuhui, 2019. "Optimization of high-level preventive maintenance scheduling for high-speed trains," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 261-275.
    2. Ren, Zhengru & Verma, Amrit Shankar & Li, Ye & Teuwen, Julie J.E. & Jiang, Zhiyu, 2021. "Offshore wind turbine operations and maintenance: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Alotaibi, Naif M. & Scarf, Philip & Cavalcante, Cristiano A.V. & Lopes, Rodrigo S. & de Oliveira e Silva, André Luiz & Rodrigues, Augusto J.S. & Alyami, Salem A., 2023. "Modified-opportunistic inspection and the case of remote, groundwater well-heads," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    2. Zhu, Mixin & Zhou, Xiaojun, 2023. "Hierarchical-clustering-based joint optimization of spare part provision and maintenance scheduling for serial-parallel multi-station manufacturing systems," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    3. Liang Yang & Qinming Liu & Tangbin Xia & Chunming Ye & Jiaxiang Li, 2022. "Preventive Maintenance Strategy Optimization in Manufacturing System Considering Energy Efficiency and Quality Cost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-18, November.
    4. McMorland, J. & Collu, M. & McMillan, D. & Carroll, J. & Coraddu, A., 2023. "Opportunistic maintenance for offshore wind: A review and proposal of future framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).

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