IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i23p8979-d986161.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fuel-Water Emulsion as an Alternative Fuel for Gas Turbines in the Context of Combustion Process Properties—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Paweł Niszczota

    (Department of Composite Aviation Structures, Air Force Institute of Technology, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Maciej Chmielewski

    (Department of Division of Aircraft Engines, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Marian Gieras

    (Department of Division of Aircraft Engines, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Fuel with the addition of water, forming fuel-water emulsions, is a potential way to reduce the emission of pollutants from gas turbines powered by any liquid fuel. This article analyzes the available work on the combustion of fuel-water emulsions in gas turbines. The literature analysis was preceded by a theoretical introduction on fuel-water emulsion, taking into account the factors influencing its micro- and macroscopic properties. The basic features of the agents used to stabilize the emulsion were also discussed and the process of its combustion was described. The analyzed research differed in terms of the test stands on which the experiments were conducted, the fuel constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion, the amount of water contained in the mixture and the method of producing the emulsion. On the basis of the conducted analysis, conclusions were drawn concerning the influence of feeding a gas turbine with a fuel-water emulsion on the emission of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and exhaust smoke. Conclusions were formulated regarding the influence of the water additive to fuel-on-fuel consumption. In addition, the impact of the presence of water on the conversion of nitrogen contained in the fuel to nitrogen oxides was indicated, and areas requiring further research were presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Niszczota & Maciej Chmielewski & Marian Gieras, 2022. "Fuel-Water Emulsion as an Alternative Fuel for Gas Turbines in the Context of Combustion Process Properties—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:8979-:d:986161
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/8979/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/8979/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chmielewski, Maciej & Niszczota, Paweł & Gieras, Marian, 2020. "Combustion efficiency of fuel-water emulsion in a small gas turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    2. Stathopoulos, P. & Paschereit, C.O., 2015. "Retrofitting micro gas turbines for wet operation. A way to increase operational flexibility in distributed CHP plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 438-446.
    3. Paweł Niszczota & Marian Gieras, 2021. "Impact of the Application of Fuel and Water Emulsion on CO and NOx Emission and Fuel Consumption in a Miniature Gas Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Szymon Fulara & Maciej Chmielewski & Marian Gieras, 2020. "Variable Geometry in Miniature Gas Turbine for Improved Performance and Reduced Environmental Impact," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-19, October.
    5. Moschini, GianCarlo & Cui, Jingbo & Lapan, Harvey E., 2012. "Economics of Biofuels: An Overview of Policies, Impacts and Prospects," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 1(3), pages 1-28, December.
    6. Harun, Nor Farida & Tucker, David & Adams II, Thomas A., 2017. "Technical challenges in operating an SOFC in fuel flexible gas turbine hybrid systems: Coupling effects of cathode air mass flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 852-867.
    7. Jasper Vliet & Maarten Berg & Michiel Schaeffer & Detlef Vuuren & Michel Elzen & Andries Hof & Angelica Mendoza Beltran & Malte Meinshausen, 2012. "Copenhagen Accord Pledges imply higher costs for staying below 2°C warming," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 113(2), pages 551-561, July.
    8. Paweł Niszczota & Marian Gieras, 2021. "Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-15, August.
    9. Watanabe, Hirotatsu & Suzuki, Yoshiyuki & Harada, Takuji & Matsushita, Yohsuke & Aoki, Hideyuki & Miura, Takatoshi, 2010. "An experimental investigation of the breakup characteristics of secondary atomization of emulsified fuel droplet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 806-813.
    10. Gupta, K.K. & Rehman, A. & Sarviya, R.M., 2010. "Bio-fuels for the gas turbine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2946-2955, December.
    11. Rochelle, David & Najafi, Hamidreza, 2019. "A review of the effect of biodiesel on gas turbine emissions and performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 129-137.
    12. Kim, Hyemin & Baek, Seung Wook, 2016. "Combustion of a single emulsion fuel droplet in a rapid compression machine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 422-430.
    13. Jonsson, Maria & Yan, Jinyue, 2005. "Humidified gas turbines—a review of proposed and implemented cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1013-1078.
    14. Armellini, A. & Daniotti, S. & Pinamonti, P. & Reini, M., 2018. "Evaluation of gas turbines as alternative energy production systems for a large cruise ship to meet new maritime regulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 306-317.
    15. Anufriev, I.S., 2021. "Review of water/steam addition in liquid-fuel combustion systems for NOx reduction: Waste-to-energy trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    16. De Giorgi, Maria Grazia & Fontanarosa, Donato & Ficarella, Antonio & Pescini, Elisa, 2020. "Effects on performance, combustion and pollutants of water emulsified fuel in an aeroengine combustor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    17. Marcin Wołowicz & Piotr Kolasiński & Krzysztof Badyda, 2021. "Modern Small and Microcogeneration Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-47, February.
    18. Gabriel Talero & Camilo Bayona-Roa & Giovanny Muñoz & Miguel Galindo & Vladimir Silva & Juan Pava & Mauricio Lopez, 2019. "Experimental Methodology and Facility for the J69-Engine Performance and Emissions Evaluation Using Jet A1 and Biodiesel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-10, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Paweł Niszczota & Marian Gieras, 2021. "Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Paweł Niszczota & Marian Gieras, 2021. "Impact of the Application of Fuel and Water Emulsion on CO and NOx Emission and Fuel Consumption in a Miniature Gas Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Anwar Hamdan Al Assaf & Abdulkarem Amhamed & Odi Fawwaz Alrebei, 2022. "State of the Art in Humidified Gas Turbine Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-32, December.
    4. Anufriev, I.S. & Kopyev, E.P. & Alekseenko, S.V. & Sharypov, O.V. & Vigriyanov, M.S., 2022. "New ecology safe waste-to-energy technology of liquid fuel combustion with superheated steam," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    5. Montazerinejad, H. & Eicker, U., 2022. "Recent development of heat and power generation using renewable fuels: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    6. Anufriev, I.S., 2021. "Review of water/steam addition in liquid-fuel combustion systems for NOx reduction: Waste-to-energy trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    7. De Paepe, Ward & Montero Carrero, Marina & Bram, Svend & Contino, Francesco & Parente, Alessandro, 2017. "Waste heat recovery optimization in micro gas turbine applications using advanced humidified gas turbine cycle concepts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 218-229.
    8. El-Zoheiry, Radwan M. & EL-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Attia, Ali M.A. & He, Zhixia & El-Batsh, Hesham M., 2020. "Combustion and emission characteristics of Jojoba biodiesel-jet A1 mixtures applying a lean premixed pre-vaporized combustion techniques: An experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 2227-2245.
    9. Won, Jonghan & Baek, Seung Wook & Kim, Hyemin, 2018. "Autoignition and combustion behavior of emulsion droplet under elevated temperature and pressure conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 800-810.
    10. Renzi, Massimiliano & Patuzzi, Francesco & Baratieri, Marco, 2017. "Syngas feed of micro gas turbines with steam injection: Effects on performance, combustion and pollutants formation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 697-707.
    11. Dhahad, Hayder A. & Chaichan, Miqdam T. & Megaritis, T., 2019. "Performance, regulated and unregulated exhaust emission of a stationary compression ignition engine fueled by water-ULSD emulsion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1036-1050.
    12. Simeon Dybe & Michael Bartlett & Jens Pålsson & Panagiotis Stathopoulos, 2021. "TopCycle: A Novel High Performance and Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Cycle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
    13. Seljak, T. & Buffi, M. & Valera-Medina, A. & Chong, C.T. & Chiaramonti, D. & Katrašnik, T., 2020. "Bioliquids and their use in power generation – A technology review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    14. Zhang, Qing & Wang, Yuzhang & Jiang, Jiangjun & Weng, Shilie & Cao, Xiuling, 2022. "Coupling effect of key parameters of heat recovery components on the HAT cycle performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    15. Alberth Renne Gonzalez Caranton & Vladimir Silva Leal & Camilo Bayona-Roa & Manuel Alejandro Mayorga Betancourt & Carolina Betancourt & Deiver Cortina & Nelson Jimenez Acuña & Mauricio López, 2021. "Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of a PT6A-61A Engine Using Mixtures of JETA-1 and Biodiesel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-22, June.
    16. Shen, Yazhou & Zhang, Kai & Zhang, Yan & Duwig, Christophe, 2023. "Characterisation of distributed combustion of reformed methanol blends in a model gas turbine combustor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    17. Xu, Zhen & Lu, Yuan & Wang, Bo & Zhao, Lifeng & Chen, Changnian & Xiao, Yunhan, 2019. "Experimental evaluation of 100 kW grade micro humid air turbine cycles converted from a microturbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 687-693.
    18. Zhang, Chi & Hui, Xin & Lin, Yuzhen & Sung, Chih-Jen, 2016. "Recent development in studies of alternative jet fuel combustion: Progress, challenges, and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 120-138.
    19. Farzaneh-Gord, Mahmood & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi, 2009. "A new approach for enhancing performance of a gas turbine (case study: Khangiran refinery)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(12), pages 2750-2759, December.
    20. Kardaś, Dariusz & Polesek-Karczewska, Sylwia & Turzyński, Tomasz & Wardach-Święcicka, Izabela & Hercel, Paulina & Szymborski, Jakub & Heda, Łukasz, 2023. "Thermal performance enhancement of a red-hot air furnace for a micro-scale externally fired gas turbine system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:8979-:d:986161. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.