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Comparative Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Toxicity in a Diesel Engine Powered by Diesel and Biodiesel Blends with High Concentrations of Alcohols

Author

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  • Nadir Yilmaz

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA)

  • Alpaslan Atmanli

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Defense University, Ankara 06654, Turkey)

  • Francisco M. Vigil

    (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA)

  • Burl Donaldson

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA)

Abstract

Higher carbon alcohols such as n -propanol, n -butanol, and n -pentanol that can be produced from biomass can be used as alternative fuels in diesel engines. These alcohols can mix with both diesel fuel and biodiesel without any phase separation. Currently, unregulated emissions such as toxicity and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) from the use of these alcohols are not monitored. Investigating the effects of increasing the alternative fuel concentration for use in a diesel engine on PAH emissions will contribute to the protection of the environment and extend the engine’s operating life. In this study, the effects of adding 35% (by volume) n -propanol, n -butanol and n -pentanol to diesel and biodiesel on unregulated emissions in a diesel engine were compared. In the total PAH emission of biodiesel, the mixture containing n -pentanol stood out compared to other mixtures with a decrease of 39.17%. In higher alcohol-diesel mixtures, the highest reduction was observed in the n -butanol mixture as 80.98%. With respect to toxic emissions, very close values were obtained in biodiesel blends up to 94.15%, although n -butanol showed a maximum reduction of 84.33% in diesel blends. All these reductions also prevented the formation of high-cycle PAHs. The results obtained showed that the use of high carbon alcohols in a high mixing ratio contributed to the improvement of the fuel properties of biodiesel and to an increase in the alternative fuel mixing ratio with the reduction of PAH emissions from diesel fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Nadir Yilmaz & Alpaslan Atmanli & Francisco M. Vigil & Burl Donaldson, 2022. "Comparative Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Toxicity in a Diesel Engine Powered by Diesel and Biodiesel Blends with High Concentrations of Alcohols," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8523-:d:972754
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Datta, Ambarish & Mandal, Bijan Kumar, 2017. "Engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine operating on different biodiesel-alcohol blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 470-483.
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    1. Tipanluisa, Luis & Prati, Maria Vittoria & Costagliola, Maria Antonietta, 2024. "Impact of diesel/renewable fuels blend on gaseous and particle emissions of a light-duty vehicle under real driving emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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