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A State-Observer-Based Protection Scheme for AC Microgrids with Recurrent Neural Network Assistance

Author

Listed:
  • Faisal Mumtaz

    (USPCAS-E, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Haseeb Hassan Khan

    (University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), 98122 Pavia, Italy
    University of Messina, 98122 Sicily, Italy)

  • Amad Zafar

    (Department of Intelligent Mechatronics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea)

  • Muhammad Umair Ali

    (Department of Unmanned Vehicle, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea)

  • Kashif Imran

    (USPCAS-E, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

Abstract

The microgrids operate in tie-up (TU) mode with the main grid normally, and operate in isolation (IN) mode without the main grid during faults. In a dynamic operational regime, protecting the microgrids is highly challenging. This article proposes a new microgrid protection scheme based on a state observer (SO) aided by a recurrent neural network (RNN). Initially, the particle filter (PF) serves as a SO to estimate the measured current/voltage signals from the corresponding bus. Then, a natural log of the difference between the estimated and measured current signal is taken to estimate the per-phase particle filter deviation (PFD). If the PFD of any single phase exceeds the preset threshold limit, the proposed scheme successfully detects and classifies the faults. Finally, the RNN is implemented on the SO-estimated voltage and current signals to retrieve the non-fundamental harmonic features, which are then utilized to compute RNN-based state observation energy (SOE). The directional attributes of the RNN-based SOE are employed for the localization of faults in a microgrid. The scheme is tested using Matlab ® Simulink 2022b on an International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) microgrid test bed. The results indicate the efficacy of the proposed method in the TU and IN operation regimes on radial, loop, and meshed networks. Furthermore, the scheme can detect both high-impedance (HI) and low-impedance (LI) faults with 99.6% of accuracy.

Suggested Citation

  • Faisal Mumtaz & Haseeb Hassan Khan & Amad Zafar & Muhammad Umair Ali & Kashif Imran, 2022. "A State-Observer-Based Protection Scheme for AC Microgrids with Recurrent Neural Network Assistance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8512-:d:972478
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alireza Forouzesh & Mohammad S. Golsorkhi & Mehdi Savaghebi & Mehdi Baharizadeh, 2021. "Support Vector Machine Based Fault Location Identification in Microgrids Using Interharmonic Injection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Cristian Cepeda & Cesar Orozco-Henao & Winston Percybrooks & Juan Diego Pulgarín-Rivera & Oscar Danilo Montoya & Walter Gil-González & Juan Carlos Vélez, 2020. "Intelligent Fault Detection System for Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Zhang, Xing & Yan, Zhibin & Chen, Yunqi & Yuan, Yanhua, 2022. "A novel particle filter for extended target tracking with random hypersurface model," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 425(C).
    4. Hun-Chul Seo, 2019. "New Protection Scheme Based on Coordination with Tie Switch in an Open-Loop Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-19, December.
    5. Salima Abeid & Yanting Hu & Feras Alasali & Naser El-Naily, 2022. "Innovative Optimal Nonstandard Tripping Protection Scheme for Radial and Meshed Microgrid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-29, July.
    6. Shazia Baloch & Saeed Zaman Jamali & Khawaja Khalid Mehmood & Syed Basit Ali Bukhari & Muhammad Saeed Uz Zaman & Arif Hussain & Chul-Hwan Kim, 2020. "Microgrid Protection Strategy Based on the Autocorrelation of Current Envelopes Using the Squaring and Low-Pass Filtering Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, May.
    7. Sarat Chandra Vegunta & Michael J. Higginson & Yashar E. Kenarangui & George Tsai Li & David W. Zabel & Mohammad Tasdighi & Azadeh Shadman, 2021. "AC Microgrid Protection System Design Challenges—A Practical Experience," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-23, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Faisal Mumtaz & Kashif Imran & Abdullah Abusorrah & Syed Basit Ali Bukhari, 2022. "Harmonic Content-Based Protection Method for Microgrids via 1-Dimensional Recursive Median Filtering Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.

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