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Innovative Optimal Nonstandard Tripping Protection Scheme for Radial and Meshed Microgrid Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Salima Abeid

    (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, The University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, UK)

  • Yanting Hu

    (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, The University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, UK)

  • Feras Alasali

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan)

  • Naser El-Naily

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Electronics Technology-Benghazi, Benghazi 23P7F49, Libya)

Abstract

The coordination of optimal overcurrent relays (OCRs) for modern power networks is nowadays one of the critical concerns due to the increase in the use of renewable energy sources. Modern grids connected to inverter-based distributed generations (IDGs) and synchronous distributed generations (SDGs) have a direct impact on fault currents and locations and then on the protection system. In this paper, a new optimal OCR coordination scheme has been developed based on the nonstandard time–current characteristics (NSTCC) approach. The proposed scheme can effectively minimize the impact of distributed generations (DGs) on OCR coordination by using two optimization techniques: genetic algorithm (GA) and hybrid gravitational search algorithm–sequential quadratic programming (GSA–SQP) algorithm. In addition, the proposed optimal OCR coordination scheme has successfully employed a new constraint reduction method for eliminating the considerable number of constraints in the coordination and tripping time formula by using only one variable dynamic coefficient. The proposed protection scheme has been applied in IEEE 9-bus and IEC MG systems as benchmark radial networks as well as IEEE 30-bus systems as meshed structures. The results of the proposed optimal OCR coordination scheme have been compared to standard and nonstandard characteristics reported in the literature. The results showed a significant improvement in terms of the protection system sensitivity and reliability by minimizing the operating time (OT) of OCRs and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method throughout minimum and maximum fault modes.

Suggested Citation

  • Salima Abeid & Yanting Hu & Feras Alasali & Naser El-Naily, 2022. "Innovative Optimal Nonstandard Tripping Protection Scheme for Radial and Meshed Microgrid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-29, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:4980-:d:857832
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sergio Danilo Saldarriaga-Zuluaga & Jesús María López-Lezama & Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano, 2020. "Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering a Non-Standard Characteristic," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Noor Hussain & Mashood Nasir & Juan Carlos Vasquez & Josep M. Guerrero, 2020. "Recent Developments and Challenges on AC Microgrids Fault Detection and Protection Systems–A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-31, May.
    3. Manditereza, Patrick Tendayi & Bansal, Ramesh, 2016. "Renewable distributed generation: The hidden challenges – A review from the protection perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1457-1465.
    4. Hasan Can Kılıçkıran & Hüseyin Akdemir & İbrahim Şengör & Bedri Kekezoğlu & Nikolaos G. Paterakis, 2018. "A Non-Standard Characteristic Based Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-13, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Faisal Mumtaz & Haseeb Hassan Khan & Amad Zafar & Muhammad Umair Ali & Kashif Imran, 2022. "A State-Observer-Based Protection Scheme for AC Microgrids with Recurrent Neural Network Assistance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-22, November.

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