IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i13p4623-d846717.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Simplified Recovery Process for Resistive Solder Bond (RSB) Hotspots Caused by Poor Soldering of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules Using Resin

Author

Listed:
  • Koo Lee

    (Graduate School of Energy Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejoen 34134, Korea
    College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

  • Sung Bae Cho

    (Graduate School of Energy Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejoen 34134, Korea
    SK Solar Energy. Co., Ltd., 112 Jangwookjin-ro, Yeondong-myeon, Sejong 34013, Korea)

  • Junsin Yi

    (College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

  • Hyo Sik Chang

    (Graduate School of Energy Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejoen 34134, Korea)

Abstract

When the thickness of the solar cell wafer and the amount of Ag to be used decreases, it is the best method to recover the power of the module after use at a minimum cost and reuse the module itself. Economic recovery technology can be applied to the power degradation, caused by the resistive solder bond (RSB) hotspot by poor soldering, because the recovery process can be simplified compared to the power loss that is often greater than 30%. This study demonstrated a quick recovery of the RSB hotspot with on-site recovery technology applied with resin and verified the performance and long-term reliability of on-site recovery technology, compared to the factory recovery method, where the back sheet is removed and laminated to recover the module. Both the factory and field recovery methods confirmed recovery results closer to the initial rated power output of the samples. Each sample was degraded by the RSB hotspot to ~62–65% of the initial power output, and the recovery process successfully recovered it to ~96–99%. In on-site recovery, verification of the possible EVA solvothermal swelling, which is the effect of organic solvents contained in the resin on EVA, is essential for verifying the long-term reliability of the recovered module. In this study, the power degradations of the on-site recovered samples after a TC 200 cycle test are −2.14% and −0.95%, respectively, which are within the certification test standard of the new manufacturing module. Existing factory recovery costs not only in the recovery process, but also in a total of 22 stages, such as the transfer of the target module. The largest advantage is that the on-site recovery process can be restarted in the field after only eight stages.

Suggested Citation

  • Koo Lee & Sung Bae Cho & Junsin Yi & Hyo Sik Chang, 2022. "Simplified Recovery Process for Resistive Solder Bond (RSB) Hotspots Caused by Poor Soldering of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules Using Resin," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4623-:d:846717
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/13/4623/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/13/4623/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dhimish, Mahmoud, 2020. "Micro cracks distribution and power degradation of polycrystalline solar cells wafer: Observations constructed from the analysis of 4000 samples," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 466-477.
    2. Farrell, C.C. & Osman, A.I. & Doherty, R. & Saad, M. & Zhang, X. & Murphy, A. & Harrison, J. & Vennard, A.S.M. & Kumaravel, V. & Al-Muhtaseb, A.H. & Rooney, D.W., 2020. "Technical challenges and opportunities in realising a circular economy for waste photovoltaic modules," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    3. Poompavai, T. & Kowsalya, M., 2019. "Control and energy management strategies applied for solar photovoltaic and wind energy fed water pumping system: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 108-122.
    4. Lee, Chung Geun & Shin, Woo Gyun & Lim, Jong Rok & Kang, Gi Hwan & Ju, Young Chul & Hwang, Hye Mi & Chang, Hyo Sik & Ko, Suk Whan, 2021. "Analysis of electrical and thermal characteristics of PV array under mismatching conditions caused by partial shading and short circuit failure of bypass diodes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    5. Romênia G. Vieira & Fábio M. U. de Araújo & Mahmoud Dhimish & Maria I. S. Guerra, 2020. "A Comprehensive Review on Bypass Diode Application on Photovoltaic Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Georgios Goudelis & Pavlos I. Lazaridis & Mahmoud Dhimish, 2022. "A Review of Models for Photovoltaic Crack and Hotspot Prediction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-24, June.
    7. Garvin A. Heath & Timothy J. Silverman & Michael Kempe & Michael Deceglie & Dwarakanath Ravikumar & Timothy Remo & Hao Cui & Parikhit Sinha & Cara Libby & Stephanie Shaw & Keiichi Komoto & Karsten Wam, 2020. "Research and development priorities for silicon photovoltaic module recycling to support a circular economy," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 5(7), pages 502-510, July.
    8. Hana Kim & Hun Park, 2018. "PV Waste Management at the Crossroads of Circular Economy and Energy Transition: The Case of South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.
    9. Deng, Rong & Chang, Nathan L. & Ouyang, Zi & Chong, Chee Mun, 2019. "A techno-economic review of silicon photovoltaic module recycling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 532-550.
    10. Zhou, Yuekuan & Cao, Sunliang & Hensen, Jan L.M., 2021. "An energy paradigm transition framework from negative towards positive district energy sharing networks—Battery cycling aging, advanced battery management strategies, flexible vehicles-to-buildings in," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    11. Dhimish, Mahmoud & Badran, Ghadeer, 2020. "Current limiter circuit to avoid photovoltaic mismatch conditions including hot-spots and shading," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 2201-2216.
    12. Julien Walzberg & Alberta Carpenter & Garvin A. Heath, 2021. "Role of the social factors in success of solar photovoltaic reuse and recycle programmes," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(9), pages 913-924, September.
    13. Bressan, M. & Gutierrez, A. & Garcia Gutierrez, L. & Alonso, C., 2018. "Development of a real-time hot-spot prevention using an emulator of partially shaded PV systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 334-343.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sharmarke Hassan & Mahmoud Dhimish, 2022. "Review of Current State-of-the-Art Research on Photovoltaic Soiling, Anti-Reflective Coating, and Solar Roads Deployment Supported by a Pilot Experiment on a PV Road," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-24, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Somin Park & Younghyun Cho & Seulki Kim & Koo Lee & Junsin Yi, 2022. "Effect of Cell Electrical Mismatch on Output of Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Hui Fang Yu & Md. Hasanuzzaman & Nasrudin Abd Rahim & Norridah Amin & Noriah Nor Adzman, 2022. "Global Challenges and Prospects of Photovoltaic Materials Disposal and Recycling: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-41, July.
    3. Aşkın, Asmin & Kılkış, Şiir & Akınoğlu, Bülent Gültekin, 2023. "Recycling photovoltaic modules within a circular economy approach and a snapshot for Türkiye," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 583-596.
    4. Wang, Chen & Feng, Kuishuang & Liu, Xi & Wang, Peng & Chen, Wei-Qiang & Li, Jiashuo, 2022. "Looming challenge of photovoltaic waste under China’s solar ambition: A spatial–temporal assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    5. Van Opstal, Wim & Smeets, Anse, 2023. "When do circular business models resolve barriers to residential solar PV adoption? Evidence from survey data in flanders," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    6. Mahmoud Dhimish & Pavlos I. Lazaridis, 2022. "Approximating Shading Ratio Using the Total-Sky Imaging System: An Application for Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-16, November.
    7. Souza, Vanessa & Rodrigues Figueiredo, Adriano Marcos & Santos Bortolocci Espejo, Márcia Maria dos, 2024. "Challenges and strategies for managing end-of-life photovoltaic equipment in Brazil: Learning from international experience," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    8. Dhimish, Mahmoud & Ahmad, Ameer & Tyrrell, Andy M., 2022. "Inequalities in photovoltaics modules reliability: From packaging to PV installation site," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 805-814.
    9. Jain, Suresh & Sharma, Tanya & Gupta, Anil Kumar, 2022. "End-of-life management of solar PV waste in India: Situation analysis and proposed policy framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    10. Vishnu S Prabhu & Shraddha Shrivastava & Kakali Mukhopadhyay, 2022. "Life Cycle Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic in India: A Circular Economy Approach," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 2(2), pages 507-534, June.
    11. Lucía Doyle & German Cavero & Mircea Modreanu, 2023. "Applying the 12 Principles of Green Engineering in Low TRL Electronics: A Case Study of an Energy-Harvesting Platform," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-18, July.
    12. Mahmoud Dhimish, 2020. "Performance Ratio and Degradation Rate Analysis of 10-Year Field Exposed Residential Photovoltaic Installations in the UK and Ireland," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-14, May.
    13. Chen, Zhiyuan & Wang, Feng & Wang, Tieli & He, Rulin & Hu, Jieli & Li, Li & Luo, Ying & Qin, Yingling & Wang, Dingliang, 2024. "A real options approach to renewable energy module end-of-life decisions under multiple uncertainties: Application to PV and wind in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    14. Bo Chen & Chengbin Fei & Shangshang Chen & Hangyu Gu & Xun Xiao & Jinsong Huang, 2021. "Recycling lead and transparent conductors from perovskite solar modules," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    15. Xiaolei Fu & Yizhi Tian, 2023. "The Study of a Magnetostrictive-Based Shading Detection Method and Device for the Photovoltaic System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-23, March.
    16. Weng-Hooi Tan & Junita Mohamad-Saleh, 2023. "Critical Review on Interrelationship of Electro-Devices in PV Solar Systems with Their Evolution and Future Prospects for MPPT Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-37, January.
    17. Abderrazek Saoudi & Saber Krim & Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni, 2021. "Enhanced Intelligent Closed Loop Direct Torque and Flux Control of Induction Motor for Standalone Photovoltaic Water Pumping System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-21, December.
    18. Gemina Quest & Rosalie Arendt & Christian Klemm & Vanessa Bach & Janik Budde & Peter Vennemann & Matthias Finkbeiner, 2022. "Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Power and Heat Supply for a Neighborhood: A Case Study of Herne, Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-21, August.
    19. Younghun Choi & Takuro Kobashi & Yoshiki Yamagata & Akito Murayama, 2021. "Assessment of waterfront office redevelopment plan on optimal building energy demand and rooftop photovoltaics for urban decarbonization," Papers 2108.09029, arXiv.org.
    20. Hancong Ma & Mei Li & Xin Tong & Ping Dong, 2023. "Community-Level Household Waste Disposal Behavior Simulation and Visualization under Multiple Incentive Policies—An Agent-Based Modelling Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-15, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4623-:d:846717. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.