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Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM 10 : The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Tomasz Mach

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska

    (Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54, Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Karolina Bralewska

    (Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54, Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Majewski

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland)

  • Justyna Rybak

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

The paper presents data from a monthly campaign studying the elemental composition of PM 10 , as measured by a specific receptor in Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship)—located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area—measured in one-hour samples using a Horiba PX-375 analyzer. The hourly variability of SO 2 , NO, NO 2 , CO, and O 3 concentrations, as well as the variability of meteorological parameters, was also determined. On average, during the entire measurement period, the elements related to PM 10 can be arranged in the following order: As < V < Ni < Pb < Cr < Mn < Cu < Ti < Zn < K < Fe < Ca < Al < Si < S. Trace elements, including toxic elements—such as As, V, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Mn—were present in low concentrations, not exceeding 10 ng/m 3 (average daily value). These elements had fairly even concentrations, both daily and hourly. The concentrations of the main elements in the PM 10 , as measured by the receptor, are subject to strong hourly changes related not only to changes in the structures of the sources identified in the statistical analysis, but also to wind speed and direction changes (soil and sand particle pick-up and inflow of pollutants from coal combustion). It has been shown that the transport emissions measured by the receptor can have an intense effect on PM 10 in the afternoon.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomasz Mach & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Karolina Bralewska & Grzegorz Majewski & Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec & Justyna Rybak, 2021. "Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM 10 : The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-23, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2654-:d:549299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Izabela Sówka & Anna Chlebowska-Styś & Łukasz Pachurka & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Barbara Mathews, 2019. "Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration Variability and Origin in Selected Urban Areas in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Artur Badyda & Piotr Krawczyk & Jan Stefan Bihałowicz & Karolina Bralewska & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Grzegorz Majewski & Przemysław Oberbek & Andrzej Marciniak & Mariusz Rogulski, 2020. "Are BBQs Significantly Polluting Air in Poland? A Simple Comparison of Barbecues vs. Domestic Stoves and Boilers Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-16, November.
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    1. Tomasz Mach & Tomasz Olszowski & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Justyna Rybak & Karolina Bralewska & Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec & Marta Bożym & Grzegorz Majewski & Zbigniew Ziembik & Anna Kuczuk, 2022. "Comparative Study of PM10 Concentrations and Their Elemental Composition Using Two Different Techniques during Winter–Spring Field Observation in Polish Village," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.

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