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Comparative Study of PM10 Concentrations and Their Elemental Composition Using Two Different Techniques during Winter–Spring Field Observation in Polish Village

Author

Listed:
  • Tomasz Mach

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Tomasz Olszowski

    (Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland)

  • Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska

    (Safety Engineering Institute, The Main School of Fire Service, Slowackiego Street 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Justyna Rybak

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Karolina Bralewska

    (Safety Engineering Institute, The Main School of Fire Service, Slowackiego Street 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland)

  • Marta Bożym

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Majewski

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Ziembik

    (Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, 6a Kominka Str., 45-032 Opole, Poland)

  • Anna Kuczuk

    (Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland)

Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations and elemental composition of PM10 in the village of Kotórz Mały (Poland), to analyse their seasonal variability, to determine the sources of pollutant emissions and to compare the consistency of the results obtained using different methods. Sampling and weather condition measurements were carried out in the winter (January–February) and spring (April) of 2019. Two combinations of different techniques were used to examine PM10 concentrations and their chemical composition: gravimetric method + atomic absorption spectrometry (GM+AAS) and continuous particle monitor + energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (CPM+EDXRF). In winter, the average concentrations of PM10 measured by the GM and CPM were similar (GM 44.3 µg/m 3 ; CPM 34.0 µg/m 3 ), while in spring they were clearly different (GM 49.5 µg/m 3 ; CPM 29.8 µg/m 3 ). Both AAS and EDXRF proved that in both seasons, Ca, K and Fe had the highest shares in the PM10 mass. In the case of the lowest shares, the indications of the two methods were slightly different. Factor analysis indicated that air quality in the receptor was determined by soil erosion, coal and burning biomass, and the combustion of fuels in car engines; in the spring, air quality was also affected by gardening activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomasz Mach & Tomasz Olszowski & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Justyna Rybak & Karolina Bralewska & Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec & Marta Bożym & Grzegorz Majewski & Zbigniew Ziembik & Anna Kuczuk, 2022. "Comparative Study of PM10 Concentrations and Their Elemental Composition Using Two Different Techniques during Winter–Spring Field Observation in Polish Village," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4769-:d:851328
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tomasz Mach & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Karolina Bralewska & Grzegorz Majewski & Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec & Justyna Rybak, 2021. "Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM 10 : The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-23, May.
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